Abstract：Compared with the traditional three-phase permanent-magnet (PM) machine, the multi-star multi-phase PM machine has been paid much expectation in high-end applications due to its high torque density, small torque ripple, and robust fault tolerance. The phase shift angle is the key to affecting the torque performance of multi-star multi-phase PM machines. The general expression of the PM torque and reluctance torque is derived, and the elimination principle of torque harmonics is analyzed. Therefore, the optimal phase shift is summarized from the maximum, average, and minimum torque ripples. The purpose of this paper is to guide machine designers in phase shift design. Firstly, the multi-star multi-phase winding configurations are divided into two categories based on the winding set number k. The winding set number of the first type is odd, and the second type is even. According to the relationship between the torque harmonic phase, winding set number and phase number, the optimal phase shift can be calculated. Then, the classical research of domestic and abroad scholars in this field is overviewed and summarized, including the dual three-phase winding, dual five-phase winding, triple three-phase winding, four three-phase winding, etc. The finite element simulation results verify the advantages of the optimal phase shift in improving torque performance. Moreover, the enhancement effect is not influenced by the slot/pole combination and rotor structure. Secondly, the torque performance of the PM machines with multi-star multi-phase winding configuration can be further improved through harmonic efficiency enhancement technology. The typical methods are the current harmonic injection and PM shape modification. The former is advantageous to improve the armature reaction magnetic field, while the latter is focused on the PM magnetic field. Thanks to the compensation effect of optimal phase shift on torque harmonic phase, the torque density can be significantly improved without additional torque ripple. Thirdly, based on ensuring high torque performance, improving reliability is an important development direction in the field of multi-star multi-phase PM machine. The relevant performances include short-circuit current suppression, phase-to-phase independence improvement, and winding redundancy enhancement. The core idea is to improve the freedom degree of the machine and realize the electrical, magnetic, thermal and physical isolation between the winding sets. The results show that the phase shift is inconsistent in torque and reliability, and some tradeoffs must be made. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Based on the comparison of torque performance, the optimal phase shift is equal to 2π/(mk) when the phase number m is even or phase number m is odd and the winding set number k is even. Correspondingly, the optimal phase shift is 2π/(mk) or π/(mk) if the phase number m is odd and the winding set number k is odd. (2) The dual three-phase winding PM machine is the most widely used, and the optimal phase shift is 30 °. This winding configuration can increase the fundamental harmonic content and eliminate the odd times of 6 in torque harmonics. With the rapid development of power electronics technology and high-power devices, the application of the PM machine and its control system, represented by multiple three-phase winding configurations, has become increasingly mature. Future research should focus on high torque performance design at magnetic field weakening situations, refined analysis model considering cogging torque, and torque performance robustness research under fault conditions.
孙玉华, 赵文祥, 吉敬华, 曾煜, 凌志健. 高转矩性能多相组永磁电机及其关键技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(6): 1403-1420.
Sun Yuhua, Zhao Wenxiang, Ji Jinghua, Zeng Yu, Ling Zhijian. Overview of Multi-Star Multi-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines with High Torque Performance and Its Key Technologies. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(6): 1403-1420.
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2023, Vol. 38 
