燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统的无源控制策略及参数设计方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222389

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摘要

多源混合供电技术可有效利用不同供电单元性能,在电气化交通系统中得到广泛运用。然而,随着越来越多的恒功率特性及强脉动特性负载接入供电系统,系统的稳定性难以保证。针对传统线性控制方法难以保证系统的大信号稳定性,而现有非线性控制研究仍缺乏兼顾稳定性和动态性能的控制参数设计方法的问题,该文对燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统设计基于无源控制和扩张高增益状态观测器的复合控制方法,并对控制器和观测器参数进行了详细设计,有效保证了系统的动静态性能。在实验室建立一套额定功率为3 kW的燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统实验平台进行实验测试,结果验证了所提控制策略和参数设计方法的有效性和正确性。

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关键词 ：无源控制, 参数设计, 扩张高增益状态观测器, 混合供电系统

Abstract：

Multi-source hybrid power supply technology can effectively utilize the performance of different power supply units and is widely used in electrified transportation systems. However, as more and more loads with constant power characteristics and strong pulsation characteristics are connected to the system, the system's large-signal stability and dynamic performance are hard to guarantee. Recently, some nonlinear control methods were presented to enhance the stability and dynamic performance of power supply. However, most of the existing studies have yet to consider the parameter design that takes into account the dynamic performance and stability of the system. To address these issues, this paper designs a composite control method based on passivity-based control (PBC) and extended high-gain state observer (EHGSO) for the fuel cell (FC)-lithium battery (LB) hybrid power supply system (HPSS). The detailed design of the controller and observer parameters is provided, effectively ensuring the system's dynamic and static performance.
First, a mathematical model of the Boost converter considering parameter uncertainty is established. The mixed droop controller, which is proposed in our previous works, is employed and designed for decentralized power allocation. Then the PBC was designed and its stability was strictly proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Due to parameter uncertainties, an EHGSO was employed to enhance the system's ability to cancel uncertainties. A general system parameter tuning method, which considers the converter's static and dynamic requirements, is finally proposed based on the small-signal analysis method.
The simulation model and experimental platform are designed and established in the lab. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the composite controller and the proposed parameter design method. Specifically, the simulation results show that the dynamic response of the FC converter increases with the increase of virtual dissipation resistance and decreases with the rise of virtual dissipation conductance (both of which are adjustable parameters of the PBC controller). The rising time and overshoot are approximately 20ms and 2% for the FC converter, 6ms and 1% for the LB converter, and 10ms and 4% for the EHGSO, respectively. In addition, the experimental results of the FC/LB HPSS with step-changing constant power load (CPL) show that when the CPL steps up from 0.3kW (10% of full load) to 3kW (full load), the FC unit responds slowly to load power changes and eventually provides all the load power. In contrast, the LB unit reacts quickly to sudden load power changes with a steady-state output power of 0kW. In the process, the bus voltage is stable and smooth in the presence of the EHGSO. Similarly, in the case of pulsation load, the LB unit and FC unit automatically supply power to high- and low-frequency loads, respectively. The output power of the FC unit is smoother with EHGSO.
In summary, the following conclusions can be made: (1) the composite controller, which is composed of a PBC and an EHGSO, can allocate the load power to the FC and LB units in a decentralized way; (2) the small-signal modeling and analysis method can be employed to design the parameters of nonlinear controllers to make them satisfy the system’s dynamic requirements. (3) the proposed parameter design method can be used as a general guideline for designing system parameters of HPSS when nonlinear controllers are adopted.

Key words： Passivity-based control parameter design extended high gain state observer hybrid power supply system

收稿日期: 2023-01-03

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51877019）

通讯作者: 陈家伟男,1986年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电气化交通技术、新能源发电与微电网技术等。E-mail：echenjw@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 敖文杰男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为多源混合供电系统及其控制。E-mail：wenjieao@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

敖文杰, 陈家伟, 陈杰, 陈鹏伟. 燃料电池-锂电池混合供电系统的无源控制策略及参数设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 138-138. Ao Wenjie, Chen Jiawei, Chen Jie, Chen Pengwei. Passivity-Based Control Strategy and Parameter Design Method for Fuel Cell-Lithium Battery Hybrid Power Supply System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 138-138.

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