考虑多主体主从博弈提升配电网韧性的应急市场定价策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251627

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针对配电网在极端灾害下存在的应急资源主体分散、韧性导向市场机制不够完善的问题,该文提出一种考虑多元用户与所属权多样化的应急资源协同参与配电网韧性提升的市场定价策略。首先,基于供电中断容忍度对配电网用户聚类分群,并根据收益构成、购电成本敏感性等多维度属性设计不同用户的差异化需求响应机制,突出用户作为决策主体的灵活性;其次,构建交通-电力耦合网络模型,提出社会电力应急资源参与配电网韧性提升的调度方法;最后,以韧性为导向,构建以配电网运营商为领导者,负荷聚合商、社会电力应急资源运营商为跟随者的多主体主从博弈模型,提出基于该模型的电价形成机制。算例分析表明,所提方法能降低系统的失负荷成本,显著增强配电网韧性,并优化多主体市场的帕累托收益边界,实现经济-韧性协同的目标。

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关键词 ：配电网, 韧性提升, 定价策略, 社会电力应急资源, 主从博弈

Abstract：

In recent years, extreme weather events have occurred more frequently and with greater intensity. This trend poses serious challenges to distribution network (DN) operational security. Consequently, resilience has become a central research focus in the international energy domain. Current studies primarily innovate in emergency resource dispatch models and operational control strategies. However, the critical integration of resilience enhancement with market mechanisms, particularly price signals, remains underexplored. This omission often constrains the participation of non-utility-owned emergency power resources. It potentially leads to underutilization of valuable assets during crises. To address these challenges, this study proposed a novel market pricing strategy. This strategy enables the coordinated participation of diversified users and various emergency resources with different ownerships. The goal is to enhance DN resilience.
Firstly, users were clustered according to their power interruption tolerance. Then, differentiated demand response mechanisms were designed based on multi-dimensional attributes. This approach highlighted user-side flexibility as an active decision-making entity. Subsequently, a power-transportation coupled network model was used as the basis. Dedicated dispatch and output strategies were developed for two types of flexible, controllable social emergency resources: mobile energy storage systems (MESS) and electric vehicle (EV) clusters. These strategies aimed to enhance DN resilience during extreme events. Finally, a resilience-oriented Stackelberg game model was formulated. In this model, the distribution system operator acted as the leader. The load aggregator and the social emergency power resource operator acted as followers. Based on this model, an electricity price formation mechanism for disaster scenarios was proposed. The process was as follows: (1) The leader set the initial transaction prices. (2) Followers developed response strategies based on these prices to maximize their own benefits. They then reported these responses back. (3) The leader operated on a non-profit basis. Its primary objective was to ensure DN resilience during extreme weather. It evaluated objectives based on followers' responses. Then, it adjusted electricity prices accordingly and broadcast them again. (4) This iterative process continued until the leader's objective converged. This convergence reached a mutually beneficial equilibrium point. The point balances resilience and stakeholder economics. The proposed method can reduce the load shedding costs of the test system. It also significantly enhances system resilience. Furthermore, it optimizes the Pareto benefit boundaries for multi-agent market participants. This achieves a coordinated economic-resilience objective.
Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Progressively incorporating societal emergency resources, implementing the DR mechanism, and deploying the tripartite Stackelberg game model all proved effective. Key findings include: (1) Integrating societal emergency resources can enhance DN resilience during outages. It substantially reduces outage-related societal costs. It also provides economically reasonable compensation for operators. This improves the utilization efficiency of distributed community resources. (2) Implementing the DR mechanism can motivate greater end-user participation and market vitality. This optimizes the allocation of resources dedicated to enhancing resilience. (3) The Stackelberg-based pricing strategy can effectively incentivize societal resource engagement. It unlocks greater demand-side flexibility potential. The strategy coordinates diverse resource availability and facilitates market-based resource allocation. This approach simultaneously enhances DN resilience and balances stakeholder profits. It achieves a multi-agent economic-resilience solution.

Key words： Distribution system resilience enhancement price mechanism social emergency power resources Stackelberg game

收稿日期: 2025-09-17

PACS:	TM73
	F426.61

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52477084,72501065）

通讯作者: 连祥龙男,1995年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为弹性电网研究、极端事件下电网脆弱性分析、图嵌入理论等。E-mail：xianglonglian@fzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘丽军女,1982年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为含新能源发电的电力系统规划与运行、微电网运行优化、极端气象下的电网韧性规划、需求侧管理等。E-mail：liulijun0120@fzu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘丽军, 蒋怡晴, 黄俊强, 陈炜燊, 连祥龙. 考虑多主体主从博弈提升配电网韧性的应急市场定价策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 11-. Liu Lijun, Jiang Yiqing, Huang Junqiang, Chen Weishen, Lian Xianglong. Emergency Market Pricing Strategy for Enhancing Distribution Network Resilience Considering Multi-agent Leader-follower Game. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 11-.

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