A Review and Prospect of Resilient Urban Power Network Research from a Social Security Perspective
Wan Haiyang1, Liu Wenxia1, Shi Qingxin1, Zhang Yiwei2, Wang Yuehan3, Zhang Shuai4
1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China; 2. State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Research Institute Tianjin 300384 China; 3. State Grid Beijing Chaoyang Electric Power Company Beijing 100020 China; 4. Beijing FibrLink Communications Co. Ltd Beijing 100071 China
Abstract：The urban power network (UPN) is a vital infrastructure for the stable operation of large cities. Enhancing its risk prevention and control capabilities is vital for urban development. In recent years, frequent extreme disasters have increasingly triggered large-scale power outages, severely impacting urban economic activities and social security. As a result, the construction of a resilient UPN has become an urgent priority. However, incorporating social domains into resilience research introduces new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, different social groups (including decision-makers, operators and consumers) have varying duties and interests. Their decisions and actions, shaped by differences in training, experience or resources, may be suboptimal or even slow down system recovery. On the other hand, consumers are the core stakeholders in any city. Public safety must guide resilient-UPN design, and the extent to which basic life needs are met should serve as a key resilience metric. As a result, a purely cyber-physical perspective of resilience cannot reveal how people behave in emergencies, nor can it quantify the minimum support that consumers need. It also fails to reveal the full range of emergency-resource flexibility needed for a truly resilient UPN. In this background, this paper reviews resilient-UPN research from a social-security perspective by addressing the following three main areas. First, the paper systematically summarizes the human and physical factors that affect UPN resilience. Human factors cover how decision-makers, operators and consumers take part in resilience measures. Their imperfect choices and misoperations can hinder recovery, while their flexible demand responses may accelerate it. Physical factors arise from the UPN's close coupling with urban lifeline systems (ULS)—including gas, heat, water, communications, transportation and public services—where mutual energy support can enhance resilience, whereas cascading failures may compromise it. Next, the paper surveys state-of-the-art research on resilience assessment frameworks and enhancement methods that integrate social dimensions. For resilience assessment, existing studies focus on developing social-domain metrics (such as water-use security, thermal comfort, psychological panic level, and individual well-being), and on simulating system operational states. For resilience enhancement, the paper provides a comprehensive review of the challenges each social group faces when participating in resilience efforts, particularly under uncertainties. In addition, it compares and analyzes the specific approaches employed by different groups, including model-based and data-driven methods. Finally, the paper identifies key challenges in constructing a resilient UPN under social-security standards. These include defining resilience metrics that capture impacts on public safety and basic needs; rapidly evaluating ULS operational states amid complex interdependencies; and determining the true extent of emergency-resource flexibility by involving the behavioral characteristics of heterogeneous social groups. Meanwhile, this paper outlines future research directions from three perspectives: the development of resilience accessment metrics, dimensionality reduction of coupled networks, and resilience enhancement strategies.
万海洋, 刘文霞, 石庆鑫, 张艺伟, 王月汉, 张帅. 社会安全视角下的城市韧性电网研究综述及展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(1): 82-110.
Wan Haiyang, Liu Wenxia, Shi Qingxin, Zhang Yiwei, Wang Yuehan, Zhang Shuai. A Review and Prospect of Resilient Urban Power Network Research from a Social Security Perspective. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(1): 82-110.
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