新型储能配合光伏并网的构网自适应惯量阻尼控制策略验证

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250181

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摘要

分布式能源配合储能系统以VSG主动支撑策略友好并网是解决新型电力系统稳定问题的最佳手段。本文基于近期发展的新型超级电容、蓄电池混合储能系统,分析了维持直流母线电压动态稳定的功率互补控制策略。通过建立光储联合并网VSG有功闭环小信号模型,解析惯量和阻尼对系统动态性能、稳定性及输出有功稳态偏差的影响机理,提出兼顾暂态与稳态特性控制优化的惯量阻尼协调自适应策略,并引入惯性环节以改善VSG与储能系统面对功率波动的动态响应协调问题。最后通过混合并网仿真系统多种控制策略下的对比分析,验证了自适应惯量阻尼控制策略在多种工况、不同电网强度下具备更优的主动构网惯量阻尼稳定调控能力,面向大量分布式光伏并网的新型电力系统极具应用价值。

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关键词 ：混合储能, 自适应控制, 光储并网系统, 构网型控制, 虚拟同步发电机

Abstract：

This paper focuses on the stability issues of distributed energy integration in new power systems and investigates the implementation of grid-friendly integration strategies using Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) with distributed energy and energy storage systems. Considering the expansion of photovoltaic integration in China, which has led to a reduction in the inertia and stability of regional power systems, and the shortcomings of traditional grid-following inverters, the development of grid-forming photovoltaic and energy storage integration strategies is particularly critical.
This paper first discusses the power control strategy of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) based on the working characteristics of optical storage hybrid VSG system and hybrid energy storage system, including constant power control of battery and constant voltage control of supercapacitor, in order to realize the efficient management of energy and the stable control of DC bus voltage. Then, by establishing the VSG active closed-loop small-signal model, the influence mechanism of VSG inertia and damping on the system power dynamic characteristics, stability and steady-state error is analyzed in depth from the perspectives of the analysis of dynamic performance indexes in the time domain, the analysis of root trajectory in the frequency domain, and the analysis of stability margin.
Based on the analysis, the coordinated adaptive control strategy of inertia damping taking into account the dynamic characteristics of energy storage is proposed. Drawing on the synchronous generator power angle characteristics and the angular frequency oscillation process, the interval is divided to formulate the principle of inertia damping change, and through the introduction of hyperbolic tangent function and the inertia link to match, the design of the complete J, D adaptive control strategy makes it dynamically adjusted in accordance with the angular frequency deviation and the angular frequency rate of change in real time in order to comprehensively improve the dynamic and steady state characteristics of the distributed photovoltaic energy storage grid-connected system.
Finally, a single photovoltaic-storage power generation system based on coordinated VSG adaptation was integrated into a 380V low-voltage distribution network for testing. Multiple simulation scenarios were set up to compare the proposed strategy with traditional adaptive control strategies and the VSG underdamped control mode. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy rapidly restores stability during load disturbances, reducing power oscillations and frequency overshoot. Under grid-side frequency disturbances, it reduces steady-state power deviation and improves the accuracy of grid-forming support power response. During grid-side voltage disturbances, the output power frequency fluctuation is minimal, and reactive power support is provided to maintain voltage stability. Under different grid strengths, the strategy effectively regulates the active damping inertia response during frequency and power fluctuations in the dispatch command response process, showing strong capability and favorable results. In summary, the proposed strategy effectively leverages the grid-forming regulation capabilities of the photovoltaic-storage integrated system, optimizes the operation of the hybrid energy storage system, and demonstrates significant application potential in emerging power systems with large-scale distributed photovoltaic integration.

Key words： Hybrid energy storage adaptive control optical storage and grid integration system Grid-type control Virtual synchronous generator

收稿日期: 2025-01-23

PACS:

TM341

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（面上项目）资助（52277083）

通讯作者: 易建波男,1981年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为广域电力系统分析与控制、智能电网大数据应用技术等。E-mail：jimbo_yi@uestc.edu.cn

作者简介: 王舒儀女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为分布式新能源并网运行及其优化控制。E-mail：202221040323@std.uestc.edu.cn

引用本文:

易建波, 王舒儀, 胡维昊, 黄琦. 新型储能配合光伏并网的构网自适应惯量阻尼控制策略验证[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 258104-258104. Yi Jianbo, Wang Shuyi, Hu Weihao, Huang Qi. Verification of Grid-Forming Adaptive Inertia-Damping Control Strategy for Novel Energy Storage Integrated with Photovoltaic Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 258104-258104.

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