基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的钢板多阵元Lamb波EMAT设计与优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230249

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摘要

为了解决传统Barker码脉冲压缩技术受脉冲功率放大器额定参数(占空比,最大脉冲宽度等)限制而导致的脉冲压缩效果下降、检测速度降低等问题,提出了一种基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波电磁超声换能器（EMAT）。建立了基于tone-burst信号激励-Barker码脉冲压缩技术的多阵元Lamb波EMAT检测过程的有限元模型,分析了永磁体的配置形式、阵元序列长度、激励信号周期数、曲折线圈匝数等因素对脉冲压缩后的主旁瓣比和主瓣宽度的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明：曲折线圈匝数为4和Barker码序列长度为13位的多阵元EMAT在配置3对外置永磁体后,其信噪比（SNR）可提高9.8 dB。综合考虑到检测回波的空间分辨率和SNR,多阵元Lamb波EMAT最佳参数为：曲折线圈匝数为10、激励信号周期数为11、Barker序列为13位,并配置3对外置永磁体。

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关键词 ：电磁超声换能器, Barker码脉冲压缩, 多阵元Lamb波, EMAT信噪比, 空间分辨率

Abstract：

In order to solve the problem that the traditional Barker code pulse compression technology was limited by the rated parameters of the pulse power amplifier (duty cycle, maximum pulse width, etc.), which resulted in a reduction of the pulse compression effect and detection speed, a multi-element Lamb wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) based on Barker code pulse compression technology was proposed. In the multi-element EMAT, a combination of a permanent magnet and a meander line coil was considered an independent element, and the direction of Lorentz force was controlled by the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet and the current direction of the meander line coil in each group of array elements. In this way, the excited Lamb wave phase0,180° is consistent with the Barker code sequence 1,-1, and ultimately it could excite Lamb waves with the Barker code form. A finite element model of the multi-element Lamb wave EMAT detection process based on Barker code pulse compression technology with tone-burst excitation was established. The influences of the configuration of the permanent magnets, the length of the array element sequence, the number of excitation signal cycles, the turn of the meander line coil, and other factors on the peak-side lobe ratio and the main lobe width after pulse compression were analyzed and verified experimentally. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pulse-compressed signal after sidelobe suppression can be improved by configuring external permanent magnets when the multi-element Lamb wave EMAT is excited by the tone-burst signal. The SNR of the detection echo can be increased by 9.8 dB when the multi-element EMAT with four turns meander line coil and 13 bits Barker code sequence length is configured with three pairs of external permanent magnets. As the number of excitation signal cycles increases, the main lobe width of the pulse-compressed signal after sidelobe suppression shows a continuously rising trend, and the SNR shows a first increasing and then decreasing trend; As the length of the Barker sequence increases, the SNR of the pulse-compressed signal after sidelobe suppression shows a continuously increasing trend. In consideration of the spatial resolution and SNR of the detected echo, the best parameters of the multi-element Lamb wave EMAT are: the turn of the meander line coil is 10, the number of excitation signal cycles is 11, the Barker sequence is 13 bits, and three pairs of external permanent magnets are configured. The new multi-element EMAT can successfully generate Lamb wave in Barker code form when it is excited with the tone-burst signal with a certain period and frequency. After pulse compression, the Lamb wave signal can effectively suppress sidelobes by calculating the delay time and performing sidelobe suppression. The multi-element Lamb wave EMAT based on tone-burst excitation and Barker code pulse compression technology can improve ultrasonic signals' SNR and spatial resolution. When applying this study to guided wave detection of metal plates or pipes with other thicknesses, it is necessary to ensure that the spacing of each array element is consistent. The higher the consistency of the spacing between array elements, the better the pulse compression effect of the ultrasonic signal. It is necessary to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the magnetic field distribution of each array element, which will be beneficial for improving the pulse compression effect.

Key words： Electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer Barker code pulse compression multi-element Lamb wave EMAT signal-to-noise ratio spatial resolution

收稿日期: 2023-03-03

PACS:

TG115.28+5

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52065049,12064001）; 国防基础科研计划(JCKY2022401C005）; 江西省主要学科与技术带头人培训计划(20204BCJL22039; 20225BCJ23023）; 江西省杰出青年基金(20212ACB214010); 江西省重点研发计划（20212BBE51006, 20223BBE51034）; 南昌航空大学研究生创新专项资金项目（YC2021-S694）资助

通讯作者: 卢超, 男,1971年生,南昌航空大学教授,博士生导师,研究方向为超声检测及仪器等。E-mail：luchaoniat@163.com

作者简介: 石文泽, 男,1986年生,南昌航空大学副教授,研究方向为激光/电磁超声检测。E-mail：70658@nchu.edu.cn

引用本文:

石文泽, 李淇鑫, 卢超, 胡博, 刘远. 基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的钢板多阵元Lamb波EMAT设计与优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9018-18. Shi Wenze, Li Qixin, Lu Chao, Hu Bo, Liu Yuan. Design and optimization of Multi-array Lamb wave EMAT for Steel Plates based on Barker Code Pulse Compression Technology. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9018-18.

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