Abstract：In this paper, aiming at the problem that the sound field distribution characteristics of the shear wave electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array transducer are not clear, the variation of the shear wave beam steering characteristics under different transducer design parameters is simulated by FEM. On this basis, the design method of the shear wave electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array transducer is proposed. The results show that the shear wave displacement distribution is less affected by the frequency, but it is obviously influenced by the array element width. Among them, the 0.2 mm array element width excited shear wave in the ±35o range of the displacement distribution is stable, with the increase of the width, the shear wave energy toward the 0o position aggregation. Considering that the stationary displacement distribution is more advantageous to ensure the defect detection accuracy of the phase-controlled transducer, the 0.2 mm array element width is used to design the shear wave electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array transducer. In addition, the research results of the array spacing selection and the control of the beam deflection angle can provide quick and accurate guidance for the design of the shear wave electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array transducer. Finally, the experiment verifies the validity of the simulation model.
[1] Drinkwater W, Wilcox D.Ultrasonic arrays for non-destructive evaluation: a review[J]. NDT & E International, 2006, 39(7): 525-541. [2] He Cunfu, Zhang Xiaodong, Lu Yan, et al.Sound fields radiated from a linear phased array based on analytical solutions of transient elastic waves[J]. Wave Motion, 2017, 73: 86-95. [3] Camacho J, Atehortua D, Cruza J F, et al.Ultrasonic crack evaluation by phase coherence processing and TFM and its application to online monitoring in fatigue tests[J]. NDT & E International, 2018, 93: 164-174. [4] Baba A, Searfass C T, Tittmann B R.High temperature ultrasonic transducer up to 1000 °C using lithium niobate single crystal[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(23): 232901. [5] Amini M H, Sinclair A N, Coyle T W.A new high-temperature ultrasonic transducer for continuous inspection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 2016, 63(3): 448-455. [6] Wang Shujuan, Su Riliang, Chen Xiao, et al.Numerical and experimental analysis of unidirectional meander-line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 2013, 60(12): 2657-2664. [7] 翟国富, 汪开灿, 王亚坤, 等. 螺旋线圈电磁超声换能器解析建模与分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(18): 147-154. Zhai Guofu, Wang Kaican, Wang Yakun, et al.Analytical modeling and analysis of electromagnetic acoustic transducers with spiral coils[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(18): 147-154. [8] 王淑娟, 李智超, 李鹏展, 等. 非铁磁材料表面波电磁超声换能器接收性能分析与优化设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(9): 2360-2365. Wang Shujuan, Li Zhichao, Li Pengzhan, et al.Receiving performance analysis and optimal design of surface wave electromagnetic acoustic transducers in nonferromagnetic materials[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(9): 2360-2365. [9] Kogia M, Gan T H, Balachandran W, et al.High temperature shear horizontal electromagnetic acoustic transducer for guided wave inspection[J]. Sensors, 2016, 16(4): 582-598. [10] Lunn N, Dixon S, Potter M D G. High temperature EMAT design for scanning or fixed point operation on magnetite coated steel[J]. NDT & E International, 2017, 89: 74-80. [11] Gao Huidong, Borja L.Development of single-channel and phased array electromagnetic acoustic transducers for austenitic weld testing[J]. Materials Evaluation, 2010, 68(7): 821-827. [12] Bourdais F L, Pollès T L, Baqué F.Liquid sodium testing of in-house phased array EMAT transducer for L-wave applications[C]//4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and Their Applications, Lisbon, Portugal, 2015: 1-5. [13] 杨金旭. 用于板材缺陷检测的电磁超声相控阵换能器设计[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2017. [14] 王新华, 王奇之, 涂承媛, 等. 电磁超声相控阵大功率高频激励源设计开发[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2017, 43(9): 1311-1319. Wang Xinhua,Wang Qizhi,Tu Chengyuan,et al.Design and development of high-power and high-frequency exciting source for electromagnetic ultrasonic phased array[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2017, 43(9): 1311-1319. [15] Isla J, Cegla F.EMAT phased array: a feasibility study of surface crack detection[J]. Ultrasonics, 2017, 78: 1-9. [16] Wooh S C, Shi Y.Optimum beam steering of linear phased arrays[J]. Wave Motion, 1999, 29(3): 245-265. [17] Drinkwater W, Wilcox D.Ultrasonic arrays for non-destructive evaluation: a review[J]. NDT & E International, 2006, 39(7): 525-541. [18] Kono N, Mizota H.Analysis of characteristics of grating lobes generated with Gaussian pulse excitation by ultrasonic 2-D array transducer[J]. NDT & E International, 2011, 44(6): 477-483. [19] Bourdais F L, Marchand B.Development of electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) phased arrays for SFR inspection[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014, 1581: 1022-1029. [20] Kuhnicke E.Plane arrays-fundamental investigations for correct steering by means of sound field calculations[J]. Wave Motion, 2007, 44(4): 248-261. [21] Xie Yuedong, Yin Wuliang, Liu Zenghua, et al.Simulation of ultrasonic and EMAT arrays using FEM and FDTD[J]. Ultrasonics, 2016, 66: 154-165. [22] Wang Shujuan, Kang Lei, Li Zhichao, et al.3-D modeling and analysis of meander-line-coil surface wave EMATs[J]. Mechatronics, 2012, 22(6): 653-660. [23] Zhai Guofu, Wang Kaican, Wang Yakun, et al.Modeling of Lorentz forces and radiated wave fields for bulk wave electromagnetic acoustic transducers[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 114(5): 054901. [24] Wang Shujuan, Li Zhichao, Li Pengzhan, et al.Numerical and experimental evaluation of the receiving performance of meander-line coil EMATs[J]. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2014, 29(4): 269-282. [25] Nakamura N, Ashida K, Takishita T, et al.Inspection of stress corrosion cracking in welded stainless steel pipe using point-focusing electromagnetic-acoustic transducer[J]. NDT & E International, 2016, 83: 88-93. [26] Kang Lei, Zhang Chao, Steve Dixon, et al.Enhancement of ultrasonic signal using a new design of Rayleigh-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer[J]. NDT & E International, 2017, 86: 36-43. [27] 刘素贞, 董硕, 张闯, 等. 电磁超声加载方式对Lamb波模态的影响[J].电工技术学报, 2018, 33(19): 4426-4433. Liu Suzhen, Dong Shuo, Zhang Chuang, et al.The influence of electromagnetic acoustic transducer loading way on the mode of lamb wave[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(19): 4426-4433.
2019, Vol. 34 
