地磁暴影响下特高压交流电网电压稳定性量化评估方法

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摘要

地磁暴时,地磁感应电流（geomagnetically induced current,GIC）流经变压器会产生的大量无功损耗引起电网电压波动,随着我国特高压交流电网规模的扩大,地磁暴对特高压交流电网电压稳定带来的威胁越来越大。为了准确评估地磁暴对电力系统电压稳定的影响,该文建立了适用于地磁暴期间衍生无功扰动影响电压稳定的分析模型,通过对线路的等效变换,适应于多电压等级电网的多进线节点电压稳定分析。该文将地磁暴造成的无功扰动加入电压稳定分析模型得出地磁暴影响下的PV曲线解析式并提出电压失稳指标,避免了连续潮流法预测校正过程中步长难以准确选取,计算复杂等问题,便于确定电网遭受地磁暴侵害时的电压稳定薄弱点和负荷裕度,并通过规划的华东特高压交流电网算例对该方法有效性进行了验证。

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	辛文凯
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关键词 ：地磁暴, 电压稳定, 负荷裕度, 评估指标, 无功扰动

Abstract：

Geomagnetic storm is a low probability and high risk natural disaster that threatens the security of power grid. During a geomagnetic storm, an induced electric field is generated on the ground surface. Under its action, geomagnetic induced currents will be generated in the circuit formed by the transmission line, the earth and the neutral point of the transformer. When GIC flows through the transformer, it will cause saturation of the core and consume a large amount of reactive power. This increase in reactive power loss(GIC-Q) is linear with GIC flowing through the neutral point of the transformer, which is usually calculated by the k-value method. GIC-Q will cause voltage fluctuation of the power grid. With the expansion of the scale of UHV AC power grid in China, geomagnetic storms are increasingly threatening the voltage stability of UHV AC power grid. In order to accurately evaluate the impact of geomagnetic storms on voltage stability of power systems, this paper establishes an analysis model applicable to the influence of reactive power disturbances derived during geomagnetic storms on voltage stability. Through equivalent transformation of lines, it is suitable for the analysis of voltage stability of multi input line nodes in multi voltage level power networks.
Then, the voltage instability index L_GIC is proposed through the voltage stability analysis model, which avoids the problems of difficult to accurately select the step size and complex calculation when calculating the voltage collapse point by the conventional continuous power flow method, and makes it easy to determine the weak point of voltage stability and the load margin when the power grid is attacked by geomagnetic storms.This index can indicate the distance between the current operating point and the voltage collapse point during land acquisition magnetic storm. The closer the L_GIC is to 1, the closer the node operating point is to the voltage collapse point. This index has the advantages of less information, simple calculation, clear physical meaning and easy realization.
To quantitatively evaluate the impact of geomagnetic storms on the voltage stability of the grid, first calculate the GIC value of each substation transformer based on the amplitude of the ground induced electric field when the geomagnetic storm occurs, and then substitute the calculated GIC value and electrical parameters into the GIC-Q voltage stability analysis model of the node. From the given operating state of the grid, the PV curve expression is obtained by mathematical theory analysis and the voltage collapse point is calculated. For UHV grid, the active load margin from the current operating point to the voltage collapse point reflects the capacity of the current grid to withstand load and fault disturbance and maintain voltage stability, and can be used as an index to judge the voltage stability to a certain extent. Since voltage collapse occurs at the node with the weakest voltage stability and then spreads to the whole grid, it is necessary to develop voltage instability indicators to measure the sensitivity of each node to geomagnetic storms, so as to quickly screen out weak points of voltage stability, give warning signals, and take pre disaster preventive measures to avoid large-scale power outages caused by voltage collapse.In order to prevent voltage drop or even voltage collapse caused by geomagnetic storm, it is necessary to take measures at the weak point of voltage to reduce the L_GIC of this node. On the one hand, the load active power and equivalent line length at this point can be changed by transferring load and increasing the number of parallel UHV lines to reduce the L_GIC value. On the other hand, measures such as capacitor isolation and resistance isolation at the neutral point of the transformer can be taken to adjust the GIC flow path to reduce the impact of geomagnetic storms on voltage stability, but this method needs to consider the increase of L_GIC value in other substations caused by the change of GIC flow path.

Key words： geomagnetic storm voltage stability load margin evaluation indicators reactive power disturbance

收稿日期: 2022-07-20

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52177081）资助项目

通讯作者: 刘春明男,1972年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电网安全运行与灾变控制。E-mail：liuchunming@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 辛文凯男,1990年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电网灾害评估,电力系统电压稳定分析与控制。E-mail：392527396@qq.com

引用本文:

辛文凯, 王泽忠, 刘春明, 李宇妍. 地磁暴影响下特高压交流电网电压稳定性量化评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230617-230617. Xin Wenkai, Wang Zezhong, Liu Chunming, Li Yuyan. Quantitative Evaluation Method of Voltage Stability of UHV AC power Network Under Geomagnetic Storm. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230617-230617.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/230617

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