电动汽车用感应电机削弱振动和噪声的随机PWM控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.171747

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摘要采用随机开关频率脉宽调制（RFPWM）策略可使电流频谱特性趋于均匀,从而削弱电机的电磁振动和噪声。电动汽车用感应电机的固有频率较低,一般在0.6~5 kHz之间,所以仅用RFPWM策略效果不明显。该文提出了电流谐波频谱整形结合RFPWM的矢量控制策略：使用带通滤波器提取反馈d、q轴电机固有频率范围内的电流谐波,并设计电流谐波频谱整形算法对其抑制,均匀其频谱特性,从而有效削弱了电机的电磁振动和噪声。最后对所提出的控制策略进行了理论分析和仿真验证,并搭建了10 kW电动汽车用感应电机对拖实验平台,通过分析控制器电流以及电机振动的数据,验证了控制策略的有效性和可行性。同时该控制策略不需要对硬件做出修改,具有很好的实用性。

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关键词 ：随机开关频率, 振动和噪声, 电动汽车, 电流频谱整形

Abstract：Random switching frequency pulse width modulation (RFPWM) can uniform the current spectrum, weakening electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor. Automotive used induction motor’s dominant vibration frequency is low, generally between 0.6-5 kHz, so the strategy of only using RFPWM is helpless for the vibration reduction. Therefor a new vector control method was presented in this paper, which combined current harmonic spectral shaping with RFPWM. A band-pass filter was adopted to extract the harmonics within the motor dominant vibration frequency from the feedback d, q-axis current, a current harmonic spectrum shaping algorithm was designed to suppress it, and uniform current spectrum, which weakened electromagnetic vibration and noise of motor. The theoretical analysis and simulation are carried out of the proposed control method, a 10 kW vehicle induction motor control platform is implemented, the data of current and motor vibration are collected and analyzed, the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy is proved. This method does not need to change the hardware, thus has good practicality.

Key words： Random switching frequency vibration and noise electric vehicle current spectrum shaping

收稿日期: 2018-01-02 出版日期: 2019-04-17

PACS:

TM343

基金资助:湖南省战略性新兴产业科技攻关与重大成果转化专项项目资助（2017GK4020）

通讯作者: 刘庆男,1972年生,硕士,研究方向为电动汽车用感应电机本体设计。E-mail：qliu777@sina.com

作者简介: 刘和平男,1957年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力传动及其控制技术。E-mail：engineer@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘和平, 刘庆, 张威, 苗轶如, 刘平. 电动汽车用感应电机削弱振动和噪声的随机PWM控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(7): 1488-1495. Liu Heping, Liu Qing, Zhang Wei, Miao Yiru, Liu Ping. Random PWM Technique for Acoustic Noise and Vibration Reduction in Induction Motors Used by Electric Vehicles. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(7): 1488-1495.

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