均匀电场作用下矿物绝缘油中颗粒相互作用分析及互偶极子作用力建模

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242036

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摘要变压器绝缘油中电介质杂质颗粒在电场作用下形成“小桥”是导致其绝缘性能下降的关键因素。当电介质颗粒间距较近时,极化相互作用力显著,会对颗粒运动成链过程产生重要影响,而颗粒成链过程及其形态变化是影响变压器绝缘油中电场畸变及局部放电的重要因素,但目前对于颗粒相互作用过程及其对颗粒运动状态的影响机制尚不明确,且缺乏有效的相互作用力分析模型。因此,该文搭建试验平台开展了颗粒相互作用对绝缘油中颗粒运动特性的影响研究,试验结果表明：当外加电场方向与颗粒球心连线平行时,颗粒在电场作用下相互吸引并排列成链;而当外加电场方向垂直于颗粒球心连线时,颗粒在沿电场线平移运动成链过程中存在奇异的“自转”现象,即呈现“吸引-自转-成链”的特殊运动模式,然而,经典点偶极子作用力模型无法解释和描述这一特殊试验现象。为此,该文考虑颗粒相互作用影响过程,提出电场作用下颗粒自偶极子与互偶极子极化等效思想,构建考虑颗粒相互作用的互偶极子作用力模型,成功地解释了颗粒相互作用引发的“吸引-自转-成链”现象。同时,利用该模型实现了不同电场及不同颗粒粒径条件下颗粒相互作用力和力矩的定量计算。研究结果可为电场环境下颗粒相互作用行为分析及绝缘油中电场优化提供新方法。

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关键词 ：绝缘油, 电介质颗粒极化, 偶极矩, 互偶极子模型, 颗粒间相互作用力

Abstract：The formation of small bridge by dielectric impurity particles in insulating oil under the action of electric field is the key factor that leads to the decrease of insulation performance. When the distance between dielectric particles is relatively close, the polarization interaction force is significant, which greatly affects the electric field distribution around dielectric particles and the chain process of particles in oil. The particle chain process and its morphological change are important factors affecting the distortion of electric field and partial discharge in transformer insulation oil. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between particles affects their motion is not well understood, and there is a lack of effective models for analyzing the interaction forces. Therefore, an experimental platform was established to study the effect of dielectric particle interaction on particle motion in insulating oil.
In the experiment, the electric field is uniform, and the field direction is changed to simulate the electric field in different directions. Dielectric particles are replaced by wooden balls and fixed with extremely fine cotton thread. The influence of their interaction on the particle chain process is mainly studied. The experimental results show that when the direction of the applied electric field is parallel to the line connecting the center of the particles, the particles attract each other and form a chain under the action of the electric field. However, when the direction of the external electric field is perpendicular to the line connecting the particle center, there will be a special “self-rotation” phenomenon in the process of the particle translation movement along the electric field line to form a chain, that is, the special motion mode of “attraction-self-rotation-chain”. However, the classical point dipole interaction model cannot explain and describe this special experimental phenomenon. Therefore, the process of particle interaction is considered in this paper, and the equivalent idea of self-dipole and mutual-coupling dipole polarization of particles under the action of electric field is proposed. On this basis, a model of mutual-coupling dipole interaction considering particle interaction is established, and the analytical expressions of particle self-dipole moment and mutual-coupling dipole moment are obtained, and the relationship between particle radius and “mutual-coupling dipole moment” is established.
The mutual-coupling dipole model is used to represent the result of particle interaction by the offset of the mutual-coupling dipole away from the center of the sphere, and successfully explains the “attraction- self-rotation-chain” phenomenon caused by particle interaction, that is, the particle self-rotation mechanism is the essential reflection of the interaction torque formation in the electric field environment. The self-rotation experiment of a three-particle system fully proves the validity of the concept of coupled dipoles in the analysis of the interaction force between particles. At the same time, the mutual-coupling dipole model can realize the quantitative calculation of particle interaction force and torque under different electric field angles and particle R. The calculation results show that when two particles have the same particle radius and particle spacing D is between 0.1R and 0.5R (D and R is the distance between the particles and the particle radius, respectively), there is a significant interaction force between particles, and the particle interaction force is inversely proportional to the particle spacing and proportional to the particle radius. The above analysis model provides a new method for analyzing the interaction behavior of particles in the electric field environment and optimizing the electric field in the insulating oil.

Key words： Insulating oil dielectric particle polarization dipole moment mutual-coupling dipole model interaction between particles

收稿日期: 2024-11-13

PACS:

TM15

基金资助:甘肃省青年科技基金（24JRRA754）和国网甘肃省电力公司科技项目（522722240003）资助

通讯作者: 陈伟男,1976年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为智能电网与智能电器、电能质量分析与状态评价等。E-mail: CW733000@163.com

作者简介: 包艳艳女,1990年生,博士研究生,研究方向为超特高压电力设备状态检测、诊断与评价。E-mail: npuersbyy0930@163.com

引用本文:

包艳艳, 张嘉琳, 陈伟, 温定筠, 刘康. 均匀电场作用下矿物绝缘油中颗粒相互作用分析及互偶极子作用力建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(23): 7724-7736. Bao Yanyan, Zhang Jialin, Chen Wei, Wen Dingjun, Liu Kang. Analysis of Particle Interactions and Modeling of Mutual-Coupling Dipole Forces in Mineral Insulating Oils under Uniform Electric Fields. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(23): 7724-7736.

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