基于气液两相及光电离的酯基绝缘油流注放电模拟

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231528

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摘要

流注放电是一个非常复杂的多尺度、多物理场耦合过程,目前尚无准确的模型能描述其发展过程。相变及光电离是影响流注演变的重要因素,但现有流注放电模型很少将其影响考虑到模型内。为分析二者对流注放电的影响,该文在COMSOL中建立针/板放电几何模型,以酯基绝缘油为研究对象,基于电流体动力学模型,以相变温度为临界点,分别构建气相和液相下的电离机制。此外,建立了与电场阈值相关的光电离数学模型。结果表明,光电离的引入促使优势流注分支的产生,且光电离主要发生在优势流注头部区域。由于高温区域主要集中在针尖处,气相区域会随着局部温度的升高而产生,在电场作用下,气相区域发生碰撞电离,在针尖处产生更多的小流注分支。气相区域对主流注的传播速度几乎没有影响,主流注的传播速度主要受场致电离和光电离的控制。光电离在流注头部产生了更多的载流子,促使改进模型的主流注以更快的速度传播,从而易实现传播模式从慢速到快速的转换。该文可为酯基绝缘油快速流注的产生机理提供新的研究思路,为提高其击穿电压提供指导依据。

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关键词 ：酯基绝缘油, 光电离, 气相, 流注放电

Abstract：

In recent years, biodegradable and environmentally friendly synthetic ester insulation oils with high ignition points have received attention and extensive research, and have been applied to in-service power transformers. However, in long oil gaps, synthetic ester insulation oil is more prone to rapid streamer compared to mineral insulation oil, and rapid streamer has been proven to be one of the most critical factors leading to insulation faults in oil-immersed transformers, which limits its application in transformers at higher voltage levels. At present, research on the dielectric properties of synthetic ester insulating oils mainly focuses on experimental observation, making it difficult to observe their microscopic processes under high electric fields. In this study, based on the electrohydrodynamic model, a gas phase impact ionization term with phase transition temperature as the critical point and an ester based insulating oil streamer discharge model considering molecular ionization energy, temperature, and electric field photoionization terms were established. The streamer discharge process of ester based insulating oil was simulated, and the streamer morphology characteristics, streamer channel temperature distribution, propagation characteristics, and space charge distribution were investigated.
Firstly, the mechanism of the generation and capture of positive ions, electrons, and negative ions was explained using the convection diffusion equation. By coupling the Poisson equation with the convection diffusion equation, the process of charge movement and spatial charge distribution in synthetic ester insulating oil under the action of an electric field can be described. Secondly, collision ionization was established using the phase transition temperature of synthetic ester insulating oil as the critical point. Thirdly, a photoionization model was established that considers the correlation between molecular ionization energy, temperature, and electric field. Finally, all oil parameters are derived from the previously prepared synthetic ester insulation oil, trimethylolpropane triate (TME).
The results indicate that the large number of carriers generated by the photoionization term can cause local electric field distortion and promote the generation of dominant streamer branches, while the denser small streamer branches at the needle tip are caused by impact ionization in the gas phase region. The improved model is more in line with the observed multi branch characteristics of the streamer in terms of streamer morphology. The phase transition has almost no effect on the propagation speed of the main streamer, mainly because the development of the main streamer is controlled by photoionization and field ionization. The trend of streamer velocity change is similar to the experimental results, showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The introduction of the photoionization term causes the model to generate more carriers, promoting the propagation of the main streamer. Therefore, the propagation speed of the main streamer in the original model is slower than that of the improved model under three different voltages. Moreover, at higher voltages, the main streamer propagation speed of the improved model is the first to achieve the transition from 2nd to 3rd propagation mode. Therefore, the reason for the rapid streamer of ester based insulating oils may be due to photoionization. The simulation results show that the high-temperature region is mainly concentrated at the needle tip, causing a phase transition as the temperature increases. At this time, impact ionization generates more space charges in the gas phase region. Under the action of electric field, these charges cause more disturbances at the needle tip, which may be the reason for the formation of more dense small streamer branches in the needle tip region.

Key words： Ester based insulating oil photoionization gas phase streamer discharge

收稿日期: 2023-09-18

PACS:

TM214

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金青年项目（52107017）、云南省科技厅基础研究专项青年项目（202201AU070172）、国家自然科学基金面上项目（52177016）和国家自然科学基金重点项目（52130707）资助

通讯作者: 李露露, 女,1989年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力扰动分析与电力电缆。E-mail：lilulu1203@foxmail.com

作者简介: 王开正, 男,1988年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电绝缘老化及电工绝缘材料。E-mail：wkz@kust.edu.cn

引用本文:

王开正, 王帅旗, 俞瑞龙, 李露露, 王飞鹏. 基于气液两相及光电离的酯基绝缘油流注放电模拟[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(21): 6896-6907. Wang Kaizheng, Wang Shuaiqi, Yu Ruilong, Li Lulu, Wang Feipeng. Simulation of Ester Based Insulating Oil Streamer Discharge Based on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase and Photoionization. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6896-6907.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231528 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2024/V39/I21/6896

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