基于介质损耗谱结构不敏感频率点的油纸绝缘受潮状态评估方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242093

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摘要介质响应技术在变压器绝缘受潮状态的现场无损评估中起到重要作用,而现有评估模型需代入表征变压器油道、隔板等绝缘结构的典型参数信息,限制了该技术的现场推广应用。该文旨在提出一种不受绝缘结构差异影响的频谱特征,从而实现无需绝缘结构参数信息的变压器受潮状态评估。试验测试了不同水分含量油纸绝缘样品的频域介电谱,研究发现：不准确的绝缘结构参数会使油浸绝缘纸介质损耗谱的反演结果产生较大偏差,利用结构参数X、Y的不同取值计算得到的油浸绝缘纸介质损耗谱相交于结构不敏感特征频率点,油纸绝缘整体结构在该点的介质损耗因数（tan δ）值不受绝缘结构参数X和Y的影响。该文基于这一特性提出一种无需已知绝缘结构参数的油纸绝缘受潮状态评估方法,并在实验室模型及实际油浸式设备上验证了该方法的有效性。

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	彭誉
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关键词 ：油纸绝缘, 损耗谱, 结构不敏感特征频率点, 水分含量

Abstract：The moisture condition of oil-paper insulation significantly impacts the safe operation of oil-immersed electrical equipment. Accurately assessing the internal insulation moisture content is essential for ensuring the normal operation of such equipment. Dielectric response technology plays a critical role in the on-site, non-destructive evaluation of transformer insulation moisture conditions. However, existing evaluation models require input of typical parameter information representing insulation structures such as transformer oil and spacers, limiting the field application of this technology. This paper aims to explore a frequency-domain spectral feature independent of insulation structure differences and to develop a transformer moisture condition evaluation method that does not rely on insulation structure parameters.
Firstly, an experimental model simulating structures comprising insulating oil, spacers, and paperboard was used to measure the loss spectra of the overall oil-paper insulation structure and the oil-immersed insulating paper. Experimental results revealed that when structural parameter values deviate from actual values, the inversion results of the oil-impregnated insulation paper loss spectrum show significant deviations from the measured values. Loss spectra calculated using different X and Y values intersect at the same frequency point, while the moisture level only affects the position of this frequency point. This frequency point is defined in this paper as the “structure-insensitive characteristic frequency point”, denoted as the f₀ point, and its existence was validated for rationality. At the frequency point f₀, the voltages applied to each dielectric have the same phase angle, and the current in each dielectric has the same phase angle as its voltage. Under this specific condition, variations in X and Y only affect the magnitudes of voltage and current, without influencing the dielectric loss angle. Conversely, when the voltage frequency deviates from f₀, changes in the structural parameters X and Y alter the magnitudes and phases of voltage, and current in each part. Finally, based on a dielectric spectrum database of insulating paperboards constructed in the laboratory, this study compared the errors between the actual values and the overall oil-paper insulation loss spectra at the structure-insensitive characteristic frequency point for different moisture contents. The minimum error was used to determine the moisture content evaluation results. The evaluated moisture content of oil-paper insulation samples was very close to the actual measurements obtained through the Karl Fischer method. For equivalent main insulation models and actual oil-immersed electrical equipment, the evaluation results were reasonable and consistent with those of commercial equipment.
The experimental results lead to the following conclusions: (1) A frequency point f₀ exists in the loss spectrum of oil-paper insulation, satisfying the relationship tanδ_tot(f₀)=tanδ_paper(f₀)=tanδ_oil(f₀), independent of insulation structure parameters X and Y. This frequency point is defined as the “structure-insensitive characteristic frequency point”. Changes in moisture levels do not affect the existence of this point but only influence its specific value f₀. A moisture condition evaluation method based on the structure-insensitive characteristic frequency point f₀ was proposed. This method enables quantitative evaluation of the moisture content in oil-paper insulation without requiring insulation structure parameter information. Initial validation of this method’s effectiveness was demonstrated using a transformer main insulation equivalent physical model and oil-immersed electrical equipment.

Key words： Oil-paper insulation loss spectrum structure-insensitive frequency point moisture content

收稿日期: 2024-11-21

PACS:

TM855

基金资助:国家电网有限公司总部科技项目资助（5108-202218280A-2-345-XG）

通讯作者: 杨丽君女,1980年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高压设备绝缘状态和故障诊断的在线监测,以及电力变压器和电缆的老化机理和诊断等。E-mail: yljcqu@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 彭誉男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电气设备在线检测与绝缘故障诊断。E-mail: projectpy@163.com

引用本文:

彭誉, 杨丽君, 李佳俊, 王健一, 张晓琴. 基于介质损耗谱结构不敏感频率点的油纸绝缘受潮状态评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(23): 7737-7750. Peng Yu, Yang Lijun, Li Jiajun, Wang Jianyi, Zhang Xiaoqin. Evaluation Method of Oil-paper Insulation Damp State Based on the Structure-Insensitive Frequency Point of Loss Spectrum. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(23): 7737-7750.

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