“快速发展型”放电故障及其对油纸绝缘的损伤特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.200932

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摘要超、特高压变压器绝缘电场强度接近设计极限,高电场强度下由于局部放电引发击穿的过程具有快速发展的特点。在出厂及交接试验中频繁发生多起“快速发展型”放电故障案例,即从检测到局部放电再到主绝缘击穿或临近击穿仅几分钟,对变压器运行造成极大隐患。为探究“快速发展型”放电故障形成原因及其对油纸绝缘的损伤特性,该文研究油纸绝缘在极不均匀电场下的U-t特性曲线及电寿命模型,提出采用U-t特性曲线区分“普通型”和“快速发展型”放电故障。研究结果表明,在极不均匀电场下,油纸绝缘的电寿命U-t特性服从反幂函数模型,可采用不同电场区域反幂函数模型中电压耐受指数n值作为两种放电类型的区分依据。从油纸绝缘的损伤痕迹来看,“快速发展型”与“普通型”放电具有相似处和各自特点：两种放电都会产生电晕和滑闪放电,且伴有白斑和气体产生;不同点在于,“快速发展型”放电发展速度快,对纸板损伤严重,会产生明亮的放电通道和表面的树枝状碳痕,而“普通型”放电发展相对缓慢,且对纸板损伤较轻,只会在针尖处产生点状碳痕。树枝状碳痕是“快速发展型”放电故障的主要特征,其生长分为快速生长和缓慢生长两个阶段,并且符合绝缘材料中电树枝的生长规律。研究成果可为区分“快速发展型”和“普通型”放电故障提供参考依据,为掌握“快速发展型”放电故障规律并进行有效预警和诊断奠定基础。

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关键词 ： “, 快速发展型”, 放电故障, “, 普通型”, 放电故障, 油纸绝缘, U-t特性, 碳痕生长, 模型

Abstract：The insulation field strength of UHV transformers is close to the design limit, and the process of breakdown caused by partial discharge under high field strength has the characteristic of rapid development. There were many cases of “rapid development type” discharge failure frequently occurred in the delivery and handover tests of UHV transformers, only a few minutes from partial discharge generation to main insulation breakdown or near breakdown, which caused great hidden dangers to the operation of UHV transformers. In order to explore the forming reason of the “rapid development type” discharge failure and its damage characteristics to oil-paper insulation, this paper studied the U-t characteristic curve and electric life model of oil-paper insulation under extremely non-uniform electric field, and proposed to use U-t characteristic curve to distinguish between “ordinary type” and “rapid development type” discharge failures. The results indicate that under extremely non-uniform electric field, the electrical life U-t characteristic of oil-paper insulation follows IPM (inverse power model). The voltage tolerance index n in IPM of different electric field regions can be used as the basis for distinguishing the two types of discharge. From the damage marks of oil-paper insulation, the “rapid development type” discharge has similarities and respective characteristics with the “ordinary type” discharge. Both discharges produce corona discharge and gliding spark discharge, accompanied by white spots and gas generation. The difference is that the “rapid development type” discharge develops fast and the damage to pressboard is serious, which will produce bright discharge channel and dendritic carbon marks on the surface of pressboard, while the “ordinary type” discharge develops relatively slowly and has less damage to the pressboard, only dotted carbon marks are produced at the tip of the needle. Dendritic carbon marks are the main feature of the “rapid development type” discharge failure, which can be divided into two stages of rapid growth and slow growth, and conforms to the growth law of electrical tree in insulation materials. This paper can provide a reference for distinguishing between the “rapid development type” and the “ordinary type” discharge failures, and lay a foundation for mastering the “rapid development type” discharge failure rules and effective early warning and diagnosis.

Key words： “Rapid development type” discharge failure; “ordinary type” discharge failure; oil-paper insulation U-t characteristic carbon mark growth model

收稿日期: 2020-07-29

PACS:

TM855

通讯作者: 杨丽君女,1980年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高压设备绝缘状态和故障诊断的在线监测,以及电力变压器和电缆的老化机理和诊断。E-mail: yljcqu@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 魏意恒男,1995年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高压电气设备的状态监测和故障诊断。E-mail: wyhcqu@sina.com

引用本文:

魏意恒, 杨丽君, 徐治仁, 杨旭, 刘诣. “快速发展型”放电故障及其对油纸绝缘的损伤特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(4): 1020-1030. Wei Yiheng, Yang Lijun, Xu Zhiren, Yang Xu, Liu Yi. The Rapid-Development-Type Discharge Failure and Its Damage Characteristics to Oil-Paper Insulation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(4): 1020-1030.

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