1. Electric Power Engineering Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China; 2. State Grid Yunnan Power Grid Planning and Construction Research Center Kunming 650041 China
Abstract：China's energy industry continues to promote green and low-carbon transformation. In order to suppress the impact of wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy access on the operation of the power system, it is necessary to fully tap the flexibility resources of the source grid, load and storage on all sides, and participate in grid regulation. However, the new power system with a high proportion of renewable energy will present flexibility difficulty that China's current cost recovery mechanism of flexibility resource cannot handle. The improved cost recovery mechanism is an important basis for ensuring the long-term profitability of flexibility resources, stimulating the construction of flexibility resources and enhancing the flexibility of the system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for China to establish a cost recovery mechanism for flexible resources that is in line with China's national conditions and level of economic development, to improve the capacity tariff mechanism, to implement a two-part tariff policy, to gradually introduce market competition and to recover the cost of flexible resources. Firstly, this paper analyzes the cost composition of flexibility resources on each side of source-grid-load-storage, including thermal power flexibility retrofits, gas power, pumped storage, new types of energy storage and demand response, proposes the concept of marginal and non-marginal flexibility resources, and analyzes the possible missing money and missing markets problems, summarize the pathways and tariff mechanisms for easing the cost of flexibility resources under different levels of marketization. The four stages of development are “internal settlement without accounting”, “two-part tariff”, “fixed revenue + variable bidding”, “market-wide bidding”. Then this paper investigates the cost recovery mechanism of flexibility resources in mature electricity markets of foreign countries, including the mature capacity cost recovery mechanisms in the United States, the Nordic countries that have built synergistic and interconnected market mechanisms for flexibility resources, and Germany's flexibility resource market. After that, this paper summarize China's existing cost recovery mechanism for flexible resources, introduce the development history of the two-part tariff, and focus on the current status of the capacity compensation mechanism in Shandong and Guangdong Province, and the practice of the peaking capacity market in North China and Northwest China. Finally, we summarize the problems with our flexibility resource cost recovery mechanism, these include the following two major issues, the imperfect construction of electricity market mechanisms such as the spot market and the immaturity of capacity compensation and tariff mechanisms. The general idea is to establish an organically connected multi-timescale flexibility power market system that can release the potential of various types of flexibility resources on different timescales, such as short-time, medium-time and long-time. Based on that, this paper suggest a “three-step” construction path for China's flexibility resources market based on the overall plan of China's economic and social development as well as the current state of the electricity market. This path is based on the principles of systematic design, step-by-step implementation, and simplification and complexity, providing a future route for the construction and development of China's flexibility resource cost recovery mechanism and adapts to the reality of the rapid development of China's new energy in recent years.
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