弧后非平衡态SF6与C4F7N等离子体的热动属性及输运系数

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241486

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摘要开关电弧通常会在弧后电流零区的关键开断时刻表现出极强的非平衡现象,从而显著影响断路器的灭弧效果,然而针对工程背景下SF₆及其环保替代气体的非平衡电弧物理特性则鲜有研究。该文基于双温配分函数与质量作用定律建立电弧等离子体组分求解模型,根据非平衡热力学关系及相互作用理论计算物性参数,研究了弧后非平衡态SF₆与C₄F₇N等离子体的微观粒子组分及宏观物理特征,并探讨了非平衡与气压条件等对其热动属性与输运系数的影响机制。结果表明：非平衡状态会显著改变等离子体内解离与电离反应的主导顺序,进而影响其物理性质;相较于SF₆,复杂的C₄F₇N气体受双温条件的影响更为显著,其非平衡效应在环保气体灭弧特性评估中不可忽略;双温等离子体输运系数的变化主要归因于粒子组分与碰撞温度的综合作用。研究结果可为开关电弧的非平衡数值模拟与参数评估提供基础数据。

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	汪冠宇
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关键词 ：开关电弧, 非平衡等离子体, SF₆, C₄F₇N, 热动属性, 输运系数

Abstract：Switching arcs typically exhibit a strong non-equilibrium state at the critical moment of current interruption in the post-arc current zero region, which subsequently affects the current interruption performance of high-voltage switchgear. However, current research on switching arcs predominantly relies on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), making it challenging to accurately describe the post-arc decay process. To address this issue, this study investigates the non-equilibrium thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients of SF₆ and C₄F₇N in the post-arc state. It compares the physical characteristics of the arc decay process of C₄F₇N under high-pressure conditions with those of SF₆, providing fundamental parameters for the non-equilibrium arc modeling of both gases.
Firstly, the two-temperature partition functions were calculated, and a model for solving the composition of non-equilibrium plasma was established based on the two-temperature mass action law. Secondly, various thermodynamic properties of the non-equilibrium plasma were computed based on the 2-T composition and partition functions. Finally, using the computed data, a system for solving the transport coefficients of non-equilibrium plasma was established based on the 2-T Chapman-Enskog theory. Through these computations, this work investigated the effects of non-equilibrium conditions on the composition and thermophysical parameters, and compared the differences in the impact of pressure and non-equilibrium conditions.
The computational data for post-arc non-equilibrium SF₆ and C₄F₇N plasmas indicate that, due to the first ionization energy of sulfur atoms (10.36 eV) being lower than that of fluorine atoms (17.42 eV), sulfur in the SF₆ plasma will undergo significant ionization preferentially over fluorine at 6 000 K under the LTE assumption. However, in a plasma with a non-equilibrium degree (θ=T_e/T_h) of 4, fluorine atom ionization will dominate over sulfur near an electron temperature of 8 700 K; a similar phenomenon occurs in C₄F₇N. Additionally, the significant dissociation temperature of polyatomic particles in the non-equilibrium C₄F₇N plasma increases from 11 000 K to over 22 000 K, which is significantly higher than the 16 000 K observed in SF₆ under the same conditions. Under conditions of θ=16~20, the mass density of non-equilibrium C₄F₇N can exceed that of SF₆ by more than tenfold, indicating that the thermodynamic properties are significantly influenced by the non-equilibrium state. The impact of θ=2 on the electrical conductivity of C₄F₇N plasma is approximately equivalent to that of θ=5 on SF₆, suggesting that the transport coefficients are primarily determined by the plasma composition and the intensity of interactions between particles. Therefore, complex large molecules are more sensitive to the influence of non-equilibrium conditions.
The analysis of the computational data leads to the following conclusions: (1) The established non-equilibrium computational model yields results under LTE conditions that are generally consistent with other published data. Due to the complexity of C₄F₇N molecules, the effects of non-equilibrium phenomena are more pronounced in C₄F₇N compared to SF₆. (2) The thermodynamic properties of non-equilibrium plasmas differ significantly from those under the LTE assumption, using the ρc_p parameter under non-equilibrium conditions provides a more accurate assessment of the arc-extinguishing performance of gases. (3) Non-equilibrium conditions simultaneously alter the plasma's particle composition and collision intensity, resulting in complex nonlinear variations in transport properties as the degree of non-equilibrium changes. (4) Both increased pressure and higher degrees of non-equilibrium suppress chemical reactions; however, the difference lies in their impact on particle number density and particle energy.

Key words： Switching arc non-equilibrium plasma SF₆ C₄F₇N thermodynamic properties transport coefficients

收稿日期: 2024-08-23

PACS:

TM561

基金资助:国家电网有限公司科技项目资助（5500-202320105A-1-1-ZN）

通讯作者: 张博雅男,1990年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与大电流、气体放电与等离子体。E-mail: zhangby@xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 汪冠宇男,2000年生,博士研究生,研究方向为SF₆环保替代气体开关电弧。E-mail: wangguanyu@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

汪冠宇, 张博雅, 刘伟, 王雯, 李兴文. 弧后非平衡态SF₆与C₄F₇N等离子体的热动属性及输运系数[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(17): 5626-5641. Wang Guanyu, Zhang Boya, Liu Wei, Wang Wen, Li Xingwen. Thermodynamic Properties and Transport Coefficients of Post-Arc Nonequilibrium SF₆ and C₄F₇N Plasmas. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(17): 5626-5641.

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