基于M3C的海上风电低频送出系统高频振荡特性分析及其抑制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250344

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摘要

基于M3C的低频输电方式在远海风电送出场景中拥有巨大潜力,而M3C作为电压源型换流器,在电流矢量控制下高频段存在负阻特性,易引发高频振荡。为明确海上风电低频送出系统潜在的高频振荡现象及机理,首先建立了M3C四端口导纳模型,并在保持端口自导纳特性的约束下,给出了基于平均曼哈顿距离描述的降阶处理过程。其次,结合风电场单机等值和M3C四端口降阶导纳模型,通过阻抗集成分析了海上风电低频送出系统低频海缆长度、M3C桥臂电感、控制延时等关键参数对高频振荡特性的影响,并提出了基于虚拟阻感支路的附加控制策略与考虑风电场阻抗宽范围分布的参数设计方法。最后,结合MATLAB/Simulink时域仿真和控制硬件在环实验,验证了导纳建模、高频振荡机理分析的有效性及附加控制策略设计的鲁棒性。

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关键词 ：低频送出系统, 模块化多电平矩阵变换器, 导纳模型, 高频振荡, 抑制策略

Abstract：

The low-frequency transmission based on the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) demonstrates substantial potential for offshore wind power. As a typical multi-input multi-output system characterized by multiple control loops, the M3C exhibits a highly pronounced conflict between model complexity and accuracy. Furthermore, as a voltage-source converter, when operating under current vector control, the M3C presents negative resistance characteristics in the high-frequency domain, rendering it susceptible to high-frequency oscillations.
To address the mechanism analysis and suppression requirements of high-frequency oscillations in offshore wind power low-frequency transmission systems, this paper establishes an M3C four-port admittance model that facilitates system integration. A truncation-based order reduction method, constrained by preserving port self-admittance characteristics and described using the average Manhattan distance, is proposed. Subsequently, by integrating the single-machine equivalent output impedance of a direct-drive wind farm and a multi-segment π-type equivalent model of low-frequency submarine cables, the analysis focuses on potential high-frequency oscillations on the low-frequency side. Based on impedance intersection characteristics, high-frequency oscillations are classified into two typical frequency bands, and key parameters influencing these oscillations are identified. An additional control strategy based on a virtual resistance-inductance branch is proposed, along with a parameter design method considering the wide-range impedance distribution of wind farms. Finally, through MATLAB/Simulink time-domain simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiment, the admittance modeling, high-frequency oscillation mechanism, and the robustness of proposed additional control strategy were verified.
The results of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the full-order M3C four-port admittance model is overly complex. Truncation-based order reduction via Manhattan distance is feasible for stability analysis and parameter design. Secondly, the coupling impedance between the wind farm and M3C is significantly smaller than the self-impedance, enabling the use of dq-axis amplitude-phase characteristics to analyze dominant instability mechanisms. Thirdly, in long-distance low-frequency transmission scenarios, the high-frequency impedance of the wind farm side is dominated by low-frequency submarine cables. Impedance mismatch with the M3C readily induces high-frequency oscillations.
Based on the above results, the conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) The isolating effect of sub-module capacitors in the M3C results in weak coupling between the low-frequency side and the power-frequency side. When studying the stability of the low-frequency side or power-frequency side in an offshore wind power low-frequency transmission system, part of the coupling elements introduced by sub-module capacitors can be neglected to form a reduced-order admittance model. (2) Low-frequency submarine cables, M3C arm inductors, control parameters, and delays significantly affect high-frequency oscillations. Cable parameters most directly influence oscillation distribution, with shorter cables exacerbating stability issues. (3) The virtual resistance-inductance-based additional control effectively suppresses oscillations caused by low-frequency cables and control delays. Moreover, the parameter design takes into account the impedance distribution range of wind farms, endowing the strategies with enhanced robustness.

Key words： Low-frequency transmission system modular multilevel matrix converter admittance model high-frequency oscillation suppression strategy

收稿日期: 2025-03-05

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（52377190）、江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（BK20231446）、中国科协青年人才托举工程（2023QNRC001）资助

通讯作者: 陈杰男,1982年生,教授,研究方向为电力电子变换装置的建模与控制技术、微电网与分布式发电技术、航空二次电源技术等。E-mail：chen_jie@nuaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈鹏伟男,1992年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为直流供配电系统稳定性建模、分析与优化控制。E-mail：chenpw2014@163.com

引用本文:

陈鹏伟, 李昊键, 陈杰, 刘宗烨, 徐云飞. 基于M3C的海上风电低频送出系统高频振荡特性分析及其抑制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20250344-20250344. Chen Pengwei, Li Haojian, Chen Jie, Liu Zongye, Xu Yunfei. High-frequency oscillation analysis and suppression strategy for M3C-based low-frequency transmission system of offshore wind power. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250344-20250344.

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