介质阻挡放电等离子体处理变压器废弃绝缘油的实验探究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231923

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摘要变压器废弃绝缘油不仅危害人体健康,而且威胁生态环境,安全有效地处理废弃绝缘油具有深远意义。基于此,该文采用介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体技术处理变压器废弃绝缘油,实验探究不同背景气体下平板式DBD和同轴式DBD降解处理废弃绝缘油的特征。实验结果表明：经DBD等离子体处理后的废弃绝缘油发生断键脱氢反应,质量减少并生成气体,其中氩气背景下的同轴式DBD反应程度更充分;在氩气背景气体下,气体产物中H₂组分体积分数超过50%,在空气背景气体下,气体产物中H₂及CO₂组分体积分数基本相当,均接近50%;且经DBD等离子体处理后的废弃绝缘油热重特性发生严重变化,转变为少量碳链更长的烷烃分子及大量更短的烷烃分子。该文研究成果可为变压器废弃绝缘油的处理提供新的解决思路。

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关键词 ：介质阻挡放电, 变压器油, 等离子体, 降解处理

Abstract：The rapid development of the power industry has brought convenient electric energy to the society on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has also caused the waste of transformer insulating oil. Transformer waste insulating oil is toxic, it not only poses a serious threat to the natural ecological environment, but also endangers human health, the current way of processing waste insulating oil is mainly refining and recycling, but the treatment effect is limited. Based on this, this paper exploratory use of plasma technology to treat waste insulating oil, this paper tries to use dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology to treat transformer waste insulating oil, this experiment explores the different effects of using different gases (argon, air) and DBD reactor (coaxial, plate) to degrade waste insulating oil.
The experimental results show that the waste insulating oil undergoes complex reactions when it is treated with DBD, including bond breaking dehydrogenation, condensation polymerization, oxidative decomposition and other reactions, resulting in mass loss and various gases, including H₂, CO, CO₂ and low hydrocarbon gases, among which H₂ content is the largest. In the argon background gas, the H₂component in the gas product accounts for more than 50%, and in the air background gas, due to the presence of oxygen in the air, the CO₂ content in the gas product increases, and the proportion of H₂ and CO₂ in the gas product is basically the same, both close to 50%. Experiments show that the treatment effect of waste insulating oil is different under different conditions, and the coaxial DBD reaction of argon as the background gas is the most sufficient, while the plate DBD of argon as the background gas is equivalent to the coaxial DBD of air as the background gas.
Infrared spectroscopy was used to test the waste insulating oil before and after the reaction, and the results showed that the methyl and methylene content of the waste insulating oil after DBD plasma treatment decreased, the alkane chain length of the insulating oil molecules became shorter, and other oxidized impurities were generated. In addition, the thermogravimetric characteristics of the waste insulating oil after DBD plasma treatment changed significantly, and the boiling point of the waste insulating oil before the reaction was mainly concentrated in 150~300 ℃, while half of the components of the waste insulating oil after the reaction had a boiling point lower than 150 ℃, and a small part of the waste insulating oil after the reaction had a boiling point of more than 300 ℃, indicating that the bonded dehydrogenation reaction and polymerization recombination reaction occurred after plasma treatment, and the waste insulating oil was transformed into a small number of alkane molecules with longer carbon chains and a large number of shorter alkane molecules. The research results of this paper provide a new solution for the treatment of transformer waste insulating oil.

Key words： Dielectric barrier discharge transformer oil plasma degradation treatment

收稿日期: 2023-11-17

PACS:

TM89

基金资助:湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目（2021CFA025）、国家自然科学基金（52107144）和湖北省自然科学基金（2023AFB895）资助

通讯作者: 张国治男,1990年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为为电气设备状态在线监测和状态评估、环保绝缘技术等。E-mail：youzgz@163.com

作者简介: 王文祥男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电气设备故障诊断和等离子体放电。E-mail：ko22452120@163.com

引用本文:

张国治, 王文祥, 张磊, 邵涛, 张晓星. 介质阻挡放电等离子体处理变压器废弃绝缘油的实验探究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 325-334. Zhang Guozhi, Wang Wenxiang, Zhang Lei, Shao Tao, Zhang Xiaoxing. Experimental Exploration of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment of Transformer Waste Insulating Oil. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(1): 325-334.

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