Abstract：Dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters are widely used in power conversion systems due to their advantages, including high-frequency isolation, simple and symmetrical structure, high power density, and soft-switching capability. Existing research on optimized control strategies for DAB converters is primarily based on traditional ideal models that generally neglect dead time. Moreover, most studies on dead-time focus on specific shift modes under single-phase or multiple-phase shift control. Focusing on the increased dead-time effect caused by higher switching frequency, this paper investigates the operating characteristics of dual- active-bridge converters under extended-phase-shift (EPS) control in the presence of dead-time. First, based on a simplified equivalent model of the DAB circuit, with a single bridge arm as the object of study, the influence of dead time on the converter's operating waveform is analyzed. The output square-wave voltage of the H-bridge on both sides is determined by the combination of switching devices through which the current flows. The output voltage of a single bridge arm is related only to the driving signal during non-dead-time periods of conduction. The direction of the inductor current determines it during dead-time periods without conduction signals. Secondly, based on the bridge arm theory and the position relationship between the zero-crossing point of the inductor current and the dead-time period of each bridge arm, the DAB converter under EPS control is categorized into 23 operating modes, and the inequality constraints for each mode are established. A transmission power correction model based on the voltage conversion ratio k and the dead-time ratio M is also developed to quantify the influence of dead-time on the transmission power characteristic curve. Subsequently, the converter's operating characteristics under dead time are analyzed. Across different combinations of constraints and phase-shift ratios, the dead-time effect exhibits distinct phenomena that significantly alter the converter's transmission power characteristics. The impact of the voltage conversion ratio k and the dead-time ratio M on the transmission power characteristics is compared. Moreover, a distribution diagram of operating modes across the entire operating range is constructed. Once a specific k-M relationship is satisfied, the distortion modes within a particular area can be eliminated. Then, the transmission power correction mode is further simplified based on classification criteria for boundary conditions and dead-zone phenomena. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified using the experimental platform. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The addition of dead-time causes a series of different dead-time effects in the converter under specific operating parameters and switch combinations. (2) The dead-time ratio M causes a deviation between the actual power model in operation and the traditional ideal power model, and the deviation is more significant when the external phase shift ratio D2 is small, or the converter is operating in a light-load mode. (3) The proposed power correction model can accurately characterize the transmission characteristics of the converter under actual operating conditions, providing a basis for the precise power control and dead-time compensation design of DAB converters.
魏光灿, 陈剑飞, 何怡刚, 吴聪. 基于扩展移相下考虑死区时间效应的双有源桥变换器运行特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(10): 3353-3369.
Wei Guangcan, Chen Jianfei, He Yigang, Wu Cong. Analysis of the Operating Characteristics of Dual-Active-Bridge Converter Considering the Effect of Dead-Time under Extended-Phase-Shift Operation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(10): 3353-3369.
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2026, Vol. 41 
