电工技术学报  2025, Vol. 40 Issue (5): 1471-1486    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240331
电力系统与综合能源 |
基于分层模型预测控制的含风电电力系统恢复在线决策方法
顾雪平1, 魏佳俊1, 白岩松1, 李少岩1, 刘玉田2
1.华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院 保定 071003;
2.电网智能化调度与控制教育部重点实验室(山东大学) 济南 250061
Online Decision-Making Method for Wind Power Integrated Power System Restoration Based on Hierarchical Model Predictive Control
Gu Xueping1, Wei Jiajun1, Bai Yansong1, Li Shaoyan1, Liu Yutian2
1. School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power Univesity Baoding 071003 China;
2. Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
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摘要 在“双碳”背景下,电力系统的风电渗透率不断提升,风电机组对大停电后系统恢复过程的影响日益显著。为应对风电出力不确定性对恢复过程的影响,该文提出了一种基于分层模型预测控制的电力系统恢复在线决策方法。首先,为满足不同的恢复决策需求,引入分层控制结构,将恢复任务解耦,以动态更新的风电预测信息为基础,提出基于两种滚动机制的双层滚动优化策略:上层考虑元件恢复次序的后效性,采用前瞻到底滚动机制进行元件恢复次序决策;下层考虑风电预测精度近高远低的实际,采用滑动时间窗口滚动机制进行发电机组出力计划和负荷恢复计划决策。然后,在反馈校正环节,根据实测风电数据,建立储能等灵活性资源的实时调度模型并修正风电功率预测。最后,通过修改的新英格兰39节点系统和实际系统算例验证所提方法的有效性与实用性。
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顾雪平
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关键词 模型预测控制大停电风电不确定性滚动机制在线恢复实时校正    
Abstract:Under the background of 'carbon peaking and carbon neutrality', the wind power penetration rate in the power system is constantly increasing, and the impact of wind turbine units on the power system restoration process after blackout is becoming more and more significant. Reasonably utilizing wind power resources can effectively accelerate the restoration process and reduce the blackout losses. However, the traditional power system restoration optimization methods only depend on the prediction data at the initial restoration stage, which have weak applicability to real-time conditions and are not suitable for the restoration scenario of high wind power proportion. To address the impact of wind power output uncertainty on the restoration process, this paper proposes an online rolling optimization method for power system restoration based on a hierarchical model predictive control framework.
Firstly, to meet various restoration decision-making requirements, a hierarchical control structure is employed to formulate the restoration task as a two-layer optimization model, where a rolling optimization strategy with two different rolling mechanisms is proposed based on dynamically updated wind power forecast information, to coordinate the foresight and information accuracy in rolling optimization for different decision objectives. Considering the aftereffect of the component restoration decision-making, the upper layer adopts the forward-to-the-end rolling mechanism to optimize the component restoration sequence within the entire restoration process. With the aim of maximizing the overall restoration efficiency, this layer utilizes the full-time wind power prediction data to determine the component restoration sequence. At the lower layer, based on the component restoration sequence determined by the upper layer, taking into account the practical scenario where the accuracy of wind power forecasts decreases with increase of the lead time, a sliding time window rolling mechanism is employed for decision-making in both generator output planning and load restoration planning. It takes the subsequent finite time step as the optimization domain to ensure the accuracy of the prediction information within the decision domain, avoiding direct impact of the remote prediction errors on power scheduling schemes. Meanwhile, this layer reserves enough adjustment space for feedback correction link. Then, in the feedback correction link, based on the measured wind power data, a real-time scheduling model of flexible resources such as energy storage is established and the wind power prediction is corrected. Finally, the proposed method is verified in the modified New England 39-bus system and a real power system.
The results indicate that the method can formulate a safe and efficient restoration scheme for the wind power integrated power system. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) The online rolling optimization decision can track the continuously updated wind power forecast data with increasing accuracy to adjust the component restoration sequence, generator output plans, and load restoration schemes dynamically. (2) Compared to the traditional model predictive control, the hierarchical model predictive control which employs the rolling optimization strategy in this paper, can improve the restoration efficiency of the whole process while ensuring the calculation speed and restoration safety. (3) The real-time scheduling models of the flexible resources can not only fully leverage the rapid response advantage of the flexible resources to ensure system power balance during the restoration process but also improve the utilization rate of the wind power resources.
Key wordsModel predictive control    blackout    wind power uncertainty    rolling mechanism    online restoration    real-time correction   
收稿日期: 2024-03-03     
PACS: TM732  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22B2099)
通讯作者: 李少岩, 男,1989年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力系统安全防御和恢复控制、电力系统韧性评估与主动提升、人工智能及规划数学在电力系统中的应用等。E-mail:shaoyan.li@ncepu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 顾雪平, 男,1964年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统安全稳定评估与控制、电力系统安全防御与恢复控制、智能技术在电力系统中的应用等。E-mail:xpgu@ncepu.edu.cn
引用本文:   
顾雪平, 魏佳俊, 白岩松, 李少岩, 刘玉田. 基于分层模型预测控制的含风电电力系统恢复在线决策方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(5): 1471-1486. Gu Xueping, Wei Jiajun, Bai Yansong, Li Shaoyan, Liu Yutian. Online Decision-Making Method for Wind Power Integrated Power System Restoration Based on Hierarchical Model Predictive Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(5): 1471-1486.
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