大型可再生能源电站系统电压分布式非凸优化方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241976

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摘要大型可再生能源电站因其“规模化拓扑、弱电网并入”特性,内部和外部的线路阻抗较大,易引发较高的线路电压差,增加系统过电压越限的风险。为优化电站系统电压分布,并避免传统集中式优化方法带来的通信负担,该文提出基于增广拉格朗日交替方向非精确牛顿法（ALADIN）的分布式非凸电压优化方法。首先,构建包含非线性潮流约束的非凸电压优化模型,并利用ALADIN进行分布式求解,实现可再生能源机组无功功率的最优调度,以改善电压分布。因此,对标准ALADIN算法步骤进行扩展,提出同步与异步更新机制,以应对实际通信中的信息延迟情况。算例分析表明,所提基于ALADIN的电压分布式非凸优化方法具有良好的收敛性和最优性,能有效优化电压分布至安全范围,且能灵活应对不同通信延迟场景。所提方法可降低大型可再生能源电站电压越限风险,提高电站安全稳定运行水平。

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关键词 ：大型可再生能源电站, 过电压越限, 分布式非凸优化, 增广拉格朗日交替方向非精确牛顿法

Abstract：Large renewable energy power plants, characterized by “large-scale topology and integration into weak grids”, are susceptible to operational risks such as excessive voltage differentials and overvoltage. These challenges arise due to the high impedance of both internal and external transmission lines, posing significant threats to the plant’s safe and stable operation. This paper proposes a distributed nonconvex optimization framework for voltage regulation in large-scale renewable energy power plants, ensuring accurate voltage computation and mitigating communication overhead. Specifically, a nonconvex voltage optimization model is formulated based on nonlinear standard power flow constraints, and the augmented lagrangian-based alternating direction inexact newton (ALADIN) algorithm is employed to solve the problem in a distributed manner. This approach enables the optimal dispatch of reactive power from renewable energy units, effectively regulating the system-wide voltage profile, thereby enhancing the overall operational security and stability of the power plant.
Numerical experiments were conducted on a representative large-scale renewable energy power plant system. The necessity of employing a nonconvex voltage optimization model was analyzed. The numerical results demonstrate that the linearized voltage optimization model introduces significant errors in power flow calculations. The convergence performance of the ALADIN distributed optimization algorithm was validated. Compared to the traditional alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), ALADIN exhibits convergence behavior that is largely insensitive to the penalty parameter ρ. It achieves convergence within approximately 10 iterations, which is significantly fewer than the number of iterations required by ADMM. The optimality of the distributed optimization solution obtained via ALADIN was verified. The reactive power compensation results for each node in the collection lines closely matched those from centralized optimization, with a maximum relative error of less than0.3%. Moreover, the optimized voltage profile of the large-scale renewable energy power plant remained effectively constrained within the acceptable range of 0.95~1.05(pu). The flexibility of the ALADIN algorithm in handling communication delays in practical network environments was demonstrated. The algorithm supports both synchronous and asynchronous update strategies.
The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Linearized approximation methods, such as LinDistFlow, introduce substantial errors in voltage calculations. The nonconvex distributed voltage optimization model based on nonlinear standard power flow constraints provides more accurate voltage calculations, making it suitable for large-scale layouts and long-distance power transmission scenarios. (2) The ALADIN distributed optimization algorithm is proposed. ALADIN converges quickly, producing results nearly identical to those of centralized optimization, thereby significantly improving optimization performance. (3) The reactive power output derived from ALADIN effectively optimizes node voltages within a safe range throughout the extensive enewable energy power plant system. (4) For the ALADIN algorithm, the choice between synchronous and asynchronous updates to handle information delays can be flexibly determined based on the actual degree of communication delay.

Key words： Large-scale renewable energy power stations voltage limit violation distributed non-convex optimization augmented Lagrangian alternating direction non-exact Newton method

收稿日期: 2024-11-04

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0997）和重庆市教委科学技术研究项目（KJQN202301166）资助

通讯作者: 包诗媛女,1994年生,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为综合能源系统运行优化。 E-mail: baoshiyuan@cqut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李海啸男,1993年生,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为规模化可再生能源系统运行优化。E-mail: lihaixiao@cqut.edu.cn

引用本文:

李海啸, 程强, 周林, 蒋金橙, 包诗媛. 大型可再生能源电站系统电压分布式非凸优化方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(22): 7399-7417. Li Haixiao, Cheng Qiang, Zhou Lin, Jiang Jincheng, Bao Shiyuan. Distributed Non-Convex Optimization Method for System-Wide Voltage of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Power Plants. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(22): 7399-7417.

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