无刷直流电机六步换相控制下共模电压的快速准确计算与抑制措施

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241319

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摘要共模电压会引起轴承损坏,对无刷直流（BLDC）电机的工作寿命构成重大影响。为了抑制上述损坏,该文对六步换相控制下无刷直流电机的共模电压进行了快速分析,提出一种新颖的抑制策略。首先,电流预测模型为无刷直流电机电流和共模电压提供了一个便捷、快速的解析解。这个方法避免了仿真模型建立和控制程序开发,提高了分析的便捷性和高效性。此外,所提出的解析模型能够深入分析共模电压成分,阐明其产生机理。通过对解析模型的详尽分析,揭示了改进的六步换相控制的本质。改进的六步换相控制引入零电压信号,减小端口电压波动。因此,共模电压的续流电流分量、反电动势分量和PWM分量都被抑制。仿真和实验结果证明了解析模型与改进的六步换相控制的有效性。

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	刘晋鹏
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关键词 ：解析计算, 无刷直流电机, 共模电压抑制

Abstract：Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors have become integral components in modern electric drive systems due to their high efficiency, reliability, and ease of control. These motors are widely used in electric vehicles, household appliances, robotics, and industrial automation. However, the common-mode voltage generated by inverters power BLDC motors induces a common-mode current in the motor, which can flow through bearings. Excessive common-mode current can lead to the breakdown of the insulating oil film in the bearings, causing severe corrosion and potential damage to the motor. As a result, managing common-mode voltage is a critical challenge in enhancing the durability and expanding the application of BLDC motors. This paper comprehensively analyzes the common-mode voltage in BLDC motors and introduces an innovative control method.
This work discusses six distinct control modes and derives circuit models based on the BLDC motor's basic parameters. These models predict the maximum operating current in six-step communication control for the motor. Furthermore, the switching behavior of the motor current in various switching states is analyzed. Using these models, the common-mode voltage is computed and compared. The simulation and experimental results show excellent agreement with the analytical model, demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed calculation method.
Secondly, an investigation into the common-mode voltage model reveals three primary components: the back electromotive force (back EMF) component, the freewheeling current component, and the pulse-width modulation (PWM) component. This paper proposes an improved six-step commutation control method to reduce the common-mode voltage. The six-step communication control is enhanced by introducing a zero-voltage signal, which is strategically applied to minimize the common-mode voltage generated by each component. In the new control method, the zero-voltage signal is introduced in the following manner: (1) A three-level inverter injects the zero-voltage signal into the open phases of the two-level inverter under six-step commutation control, effectively suppressing the common-mode voltage caused by the motor's back EMF. (2) The zero-voltage signal is applied to the winding affected by the freewheeling current. This adjustment helps control the phase winding's terminal voltage, mitigating the common-mode voltage induced by freewheeling current. (3) For the PWM component, the improved six-step communication control adds a zero-voltage signal when the switch signal is zero, preventing reverse conduction and reverse voltage in the winding, further reducing the PWM signal's common-mode voltage.
The improved six-step communication control achieves over 50% suppression of common-mode voltage compared to conventional two-level inverter systems. Therefore, the enhanced six-step commutation control method suppresses the common-mode voltage and contributes to the broader application of BLDC motors in various industries. By addressing the high common-mode voltage of BLDC motors, this paper paves the way for more efficient, durable, and widely applicable BLDC motor systems, promoting their adoption in industrial manufacturing.

Key words： Analytical calculation brushless direct current (BLDC) motor common mode voltage suppression

收稿日期: 2024-07-25

PACS:

TM614

作者简介: 刘晋鹏男,1999年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电机性能分析与驱动控制。E-mail: liujp@mail.sdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘晋鹏, 王秀和, 孙玲玲, 谷新伟, 彭一峰. 无刷直流电机六步换相控制下共模电压的快速准确计算与抑制措施[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(18): 5892-5906. Liu Jinpeng, Wang Xiuhe, Sun Lingling, Gu Xinwei, Peng Yifeng. Rapid and Accurate Calculation of Common Mode Voltage under Six-Step Communication Control of BLDC Motor and Its Suppression Approach. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(18): 5892-5906.

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