Non-Ideal Commutation Correction Strategy for Brushless Direct Current Motor Based on Line Back Electromotive Force Detection
Yu Yue1, Ma Tao1, Li Cheng1, Huang Jianjun2
1. College of Railway Transportation Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007 China; 2. Jianglu Machinery and Electronics Group Co. Ltd Xiangtan 411100 China
Abstract：When the brushless DC motor non-inductive control system operates at high speed or with a high current and heavy load, if there is a non-ideal parameter error or if it is disturbed by an extreme environment, voltage deviation may occur, leading to serious commutation error or even out-of-step. Problems such as three-phase winding wiring, rotor eccentricity, or winding faults can cause parameter asymmetry in motors, especially for high-speed brushless DC motors with low resistance and low inductance, which are very sensitive to parameters during operation. This study proposes a correction strategy for non-ideal commutation based on improved line-back electromotive force detection. First, by analyzing the impact of non-ideal motor parameter asymmetry on line voltage, the electrical angle offset in the horizontal direction can be used as a reference for the voltage offset in the vertical direction. Secondly, the electrical angle deviation is exposed in the commutation interval, but the commutation is uncertain, and the commutation interval cannot be directly used as an indicator. Therefore, the line back electromotive force intersection interval is used to solve the electrical angle offset of each phase, and each electrical angle deviation can be solved six times within one electrical angle cycle. Finally, the voltage value output by PI restores the line-back electromotive force so that the electrical angle deviation converges to zero. At the same time, the scheme considers the impact of inductance voltage drop and current noise on the line back electromotive force. The motor line back electromotive force is not a standard ladder. Thus, a data-fitting method is proposed. The area with a small local current change rate is selected for linear fitting. The linear regression equation predicts the line-back electromotive force near the commutation point to achieve accurate commutation. Experimental results show that this method can reduce the position error to ±0.2 electrical angles at different rotational speeds, effectively smooth the torque fluctuations caused by parameter asymmetry, and reduce the peak-to-peak current by about 10%. This method avoids the commutation delay caused by the inherent inductance voltage of the traditional line-back electromotive force and the commutation error caused by parameter asymmetry. Its stator winding impedance changes have less impact on the identification accuracy of the rotor position. Moreover, this solution significantly improves the motor commutation accuracy and increases the upper limit of operating speed, broadening the application scenarios of speed sensorless ultra-high-speed brushless DC motors.
余岳, 马滔, 李诚, 黄建军. 基于线反电动势检测的无刷直流电机非理想换相校正策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(16): 5294-5305.
Yu Yue, Ma Tao, Li Cheng, Huang Jianjun. Non-Ideal Commutation Correction Strategy for Brushless Direct Current Motor Based on Line Back Electromotive Force Detection. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(16): 5294-5305.
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2025, Vol. 40 
