基于准稳态法的热电材料变物性参数表征测量方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230623

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摘要温差发电技术能够实现热能到电能的直接转换,在余热利用、航天器供电和自供电传感器等领域具有广泛应用,其核心之一是用于实现热-电转换的热电材料。热电材料物性参数的表征在热电器件应用、优化设计、故障诊断等研究中有重要意义。目前大多数热电材料物性参数表征方法认为材料的热电参数为常数,忽视了热电参数与温度非线性相关,且没有全面考虑器件中的接触电阻和热阻。该文提出一种基于准稳态法和热电器件测试装置的热电材料变物性参数表征测量方法：首先提出准稳态法对材料物性参数的表征计算方法,通过仿真验证了该方法的正确性;在此基础上,结合热电器件测试装置,采用实验对热电材料进行了变物性参数表征,结果表明,测试结果与厂家参数的最大误差仅为4.3%,能够实现对热电参数的准确表征。该方法实现了在更宽的温度范围内对热电材料物理参数的准确表征,丰富了热电器件测试装置的功能,能够降低材料测试装置的设备投入和测试成本。

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关键词 ：热电材料, 变物性参数, 稳态法, 准稳态法, 热电器件测试装置

Abstract：The characterization of physical parameters of thermoelectric (TE) materials are of great significance in the application, optimal design, fault diagnosis and other related research of TE modules (TEM). At present, most of the characterization methods of physical parameters of TE materials believe that the TE parameters are constant in the characterization process, ignoring the nonlinear relationship between TE parameters and temperature, and not considering the contact electrical and thermal resistance in the TEM comprehensively. To address these issues, this paper proposes a characterization method of TE material variable physical parameters based on quasi steady state method and TEM testing device, which can realize the accurate characterization of TE parameters.
Firstly, a quasi steady state method is proposed to characterize the physical parameters of material. Based on the temperature distribution of the TE leg, a one-dimensional discrete division can be carried out in the height direction of the leg and the TE leg can be divided into multiple continuous units with equal temperature differences. The temperature, heat flux and height of the unit can be obtained by solving the second-order partial differential equation of the temperature distribution of the TE leg, and further calculation can be carried out to obtain the TE parameters. In order to verify the accuracy of the above theories, a single leg TEM was simulated by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The calculation results of the quasi steady state method were closer to the parameters provided by the manufacturer, with a maximum error of only 3.1%. Compared with the steady state method, it has a significant advantage in accuracy.
On this basis, combined with the testing device of TEM, the variable physical properties of TE materials were characterized through experiments. The results showed that although the experiment temperature ranges of the steady state method and the quasi steady state method were consistent, according to the principle, the quasi steady-state method got the wider temperature characterization range of TE material. In terms of the accuracy, due to the fact that the steady-state method considers the average physical parameters, there is a larger difference between the results of the steady-state method and the manufacturer's parameters. While the maximum error of the quasi steady state method in characterizing material prameters is 4.3%, which has more advantages compared to the steady state method.
The following conclusion can be drawn from the results: (1) The thermal and contact resistance of the device have a significant impact on the accuracy of the characterization results of material parameters. Both steady-state and quasi steady-state methods that consider thermal and contact resistance have significantly improved the accuracy of characterizing TE parameters. (2) The quasi steady state method can reduce the error caused by the average temperature taken by the steady state method on both sides of TEM, thus it has better accuracy and a wider range of characterization temperature. (3) Based on the quasi steady state method, the characterization of material prameters can be achieved by using the TEM testuing device, which enriches the functions of TEM testing devices and can reduce material testing equipment investment and testing costs.

Key words： Thermoelectric materials variable physical parameters steady state method quasi steady state method testing device of thermoelectric module

收稿日期: 2023-04-23

PACS:

TM23

基金资助:国家电网有限公司科技项目“面向能源互联网自供电传感关键技术研究”资助（52094020006Z）

通讯作者: 何海龙男,1987年生,博士,副研究员,研究方向为热电转换材料与器件、数字化电力传感器、开关装备智能运维技术。E-mail：hhlong@xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 任鸿睿男,1998年生,博士研究生,研究方向为热电器件表征与设计。E-mail：renhongrui@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

任鸿睿, 何海龙, 纽春萍, 荣命哲, 田昊洋. 基于准稳态法的热电材料变物性参数表征测量方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(17): 5311-5320. Ren Hongrui, He Hailong, Niu Chunping, Rong Mingzhe, Tian Haoyang. Characterization and Measurement Method for Variable Physical Parameters of Thermoelectric Materials Based on Quasi Steady State Method. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(17): 5311-5320.

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