Dynamic Electric-Filed Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System with Constant Voltage Output Characteristics
Tang Dingyuan1, Zhou Wei1, Huang Liang2, Mai Ruikun1, He Zhengyou1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 611756 China; 2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 China
Abstract：Electric-field coupled wireless power transfer (EC-WPT) system uses a high-frequency electric field among metal plates to realize power transmission, which has the advantages of light coupling interface, low eddy current, and better anti-misalignment. Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology can realize continuous power supply during the moving process of electrical equipment. The advantages of EC-WPT technology are highly consistent with the special requirements of DWPT because the moving equipment has restricted requirements on the volume and weight of the power receiving unit of the DWPT system. DWPT system usually adopts segmented transmitting coils or plates. However, the segmented transmitting structure introduces two new problems for DWPT systems: (1) when the distance between the adjacent transmitting plates is small, the mutual coupling between the transmitting ports will affect the system resonance; on the contrary, when the adjacent plates are far apart, the output voltage will drop when the receiver moves over the segments. (2) How to keep the system voltage gain consistent when the receiver position and load resistance change. In the existing research on the EC-WPT system, a decoupled electric-field coupler suitable for the DWPT system is yet to be proposed, so the same-sided coupling between adjacent transmitters of the EC-WPT system is unavoidable. Moreover, the influence principle of same-sided coupling on the resonance of dynamic EC-WPT system must be better studied. Because the EC-WPT system uses the electric field as the power transfer medium, its intensity around transmitting plates should be evenly distributed to ensure a constant induced voltage on the receiver under different operating conditions. Then the output voltage of the dynamic EC-WPT system can be kept constant under varying receiver positions and load resistance using an LCLC-S compensation network. The main contents of this paper are as follows: An inverse hybrid G-parameter model of a multi-port electric field coupler is proposed based on the existing multi-port Z-parameter model for the segmented coupler of the dynamic EC-WPT system. In the proposed model, the self-capacitance on the primary side is connected with the reflected impedance (or controlled source) in parallel. Then the constant voltage of the transmitting plates is achieved by using a high-order compensation network of LCLC-S topology. Finally, the influence of the same-side coupling between the transmitters on the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition of the inverter is also analyzed in detail. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed system has the properties of constant output voltage against the variable load and different receiver positions. The influence of the same-sided coupling makes the input impedance slightly inductive, which benefits the ZVS condition of inverters. In the experiment, a prototype of a dynamic EC-WPT system is constructed. The experimental results show that when the load varies from 100 Ω to 30 Ω, the maximum change rate of the system output voltage is 11.58%. When the power pickup moves over two adjacent transmitters, the change rate of the system output voltage is no more than 2.33% when the load is 30 Ω, and no more than 2.06% when the load is 100 Ω. Overall, the output voltage of the proposed system is approximately constant in both cases above.
唐丁源, 周玮, 黄亮, 麦瑞坤, 何正友. 具有恒压输出特性的电场耦合式动态无线电能传输技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(20): 5385-5397.
Tang Dingyuan, Zhou Wei, Huang Liang, Mai Ruikun, He Zhengyou. Dynamic Electric-Filed Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System with Constant Voltage Output Characteristics. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(20): 5385-5397.
[1] 陈希有, 伍红霞, 牟宪民, 等. 电容耦合式无线电能传输系统阻抗变换网络的设计[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2015, 34(9): 57-63. Chen Xiyou, Wu Hongxia, Mu Xianmin, et al.Design of impedance conversion network employed for capacitive coupled wireless power transmission system[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2015, 34(9): 57-63. [2] Qing Xiaodong, Wang Zhihui, Su Yugang, et al.Parameter design method with constant output voltage characteristic for bilateral LC-compensated CPT system[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020, 8(3): 2707-2715. [3] 赵鱼名, 王智慧, 苏玉刚, 等. 基于T型CLC谐振网络的恒压型电场耦合电能传输系统负载自适应技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(1): 106-114. Zhao Yuming, Wang Zhihui, Su Yugang, et al.Load adaptive technology of constant voltage electric-field coupled power transfer system based on T-CLC resonant network[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2020, 35(1): 106-114. [4] Wang Shiying, Liang Junrui, Fu Minfan.Analysis and design of capacitive power transfer systems based on induced voltage source model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(10): 10532-10541. [5] 廖志娟, 周磊, 吴镇, 等. 变结构LC-CLCL拓扑恒压恒流型电场耦合电能传输系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(17): 6039-6050. Liao Zhijuan, Zhou Lei, Wu Zhen, et al.An electric- field coupled power transfer system with constant voltage and constant current output based on changeable LC-CLCL resonant circuit[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(17): 6039-6050. [6] 卿晓东, 苏玉刚. 电场耦合无线电能传输技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17): 3649-3663. Qing Xiaodong, Su Yugang.An overview of electric- filed coupling wireless power transfer technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17): 3649-3663. [7] 苏玉刚, 刘家鸣, 王智慧, 等. 磁耦合机构拾取线圈平面金属的影响及其抑制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(3): 578-588. Su Yugang, Liu Jiaming, Wang Zhihui, et al.Influence analysis of metal in the same plane with pickup coil on magnetic coupler and suppression method[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(3): 578-588. [8] 苏玉刚, 钱林俊, 刘哲, 等. 水下具有旋转耦合机构的电场耦合无线电能传输系统及参数优化方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(10): 2399-2410. Su Yugang, Qian Linjun, Liu Zhe, et al.Underwater electric-filed coupled wireless power transfer system with rotary coupler and parameter optimization method[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(10): 2399-2410. [9] 武帅, 陈星维, 孟祥尧, 等. 具有强抗偏移及轻量化特性的电场耦合式无人机无线电能传输系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 2404-2413. Wu Shuai, Chen Xingwei, Meng Xiangyao, et al.Electric-field coupled wireless power transfer system with misalignment-tolerance and light-weight chara- cteristics for unmanned aerial vehicle applications[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(6): 2404-2413. [10] 郭历谋, 罗博, 麦瑞坤. 基于电场耦合式的电动汽车无线充电技术电压优化方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(增刊1): 19-27. Guo Limou, Luo Bo, Mai Ruikun.Voltage opti- mization method for wireless charging of electric vehicles based on capacitive power transfer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(S1): 19-27. [11] Zhu Jiaqi, Ban Yongling, Xu Ruimin, et al.An NFC-CPT-combined coupler with series- none compensation for metal-cover smartphone appli- cations[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(3): 3758-3769. [12] Liu Zhe, Su Yugang, Zhao Yuming, et al.Capacitive power transfer system with double T-type resonant network for mobile devices charging/supply[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(2): 2394-2403. [13] 蒋成, 孙跃, 王智慧, 等. 电动汽车无线供电导轨切换模式分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41(12): 188-193. Jiang Cheng, Sun Yue, Wang Zhihui, et al.Switching mode analysis of wireless supplying rail for electric vehicles[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(12): 188-193. [14] Jiang Jincheng, Dai Xin, Hu A P.A dynamic tuning method for ZPA frequency operation of MEU-WPT system by DC input voltages regulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(9): 11369-11381. [15] Budhia M, Boys J T, Covic G A, et al.Development of a single-sided flux magnetic coupler for electric vehicle IPT charging systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(1): 318-328. [16] Zaheer A, Neath M, Beh H Z Z, et al. A dynamic EV charging system for slow moving traffic appli- cations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2017, 3(2): 354-369. [17] 庄廷伟, 姚友素, 袁悦, 等. 基于DDQ/DD耦合机构的强抗偏移电动汽车用无线充电系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(15): 5675-5685. Zhuang Tingwei, Yao Yousu, Yuan Yue, et al.A DDQ/DD-coupler-based wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles charging featuring high misalignment tolerance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(15): 5675-5685. [18] Liu Yeran, Mai Ruikun, Liu Dengwei, et al.Efficiency optimization for wireless dynamic charging system with overlapped DD coil arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(4): 2832-2846. [19] Zhou Wei, Huang Liang, Luo Bo, et al.A general mutual coupling model of MIMO capacitive coupling interface with arbitrary number of ports[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(6): 6163-6167. [20] Cheng Chenwen, Li Weiguo, Zhou Zhe, et al.A load-independent wireless power transfer system with multiple constant voltage outputs[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(4): 3328-3331. [21] Mao Xingkui, Chen Jiayong, Zhang Yiming, et al.A simple and reconfigurable wireless power transfer system with constant voltage and constant current charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(5): 4921-4925. [22] Su Yugang, Zhang Shuai, Hu Chao, et al.An embeddable transmitter coil applied to electric vehicles powered by IPT system[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2016, 50(4): 627-636. [23] Zhu Qingwei, Wang Lifang, Guo Yanjie, et al.Applying LCC compensation network to dynamic wireless EV charging system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(10): 6557-6567. [24] Feng Hao, Cai Tao, Duan Shanxu, et al.An LCC-compensated resonant converter optimized for robust reaction to large coupling variation in dynamic wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(10): 6591-6601. [25] Lu Fei, Zhang Hua, Hofmann H, et al.A dynamic capacitive power transfer system with reduced power pulsation[C]//2016 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Knoxville, TN, USA, 2016: 60-64. [26] Li Siqi, Liu Zhe, Zhao Han, et al.Wireless power transfer by electric field resonance and its application in dynamic charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(10): 6602-6612.
2023, Vol. 38 
