基于<em>xy</em>平面闭环电流控制的双三相永磁同步电机改进多矢量模型预测控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.L11052

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摘要双三相永磁同步电机（DTP-PMSM）多矢量模型预测电流控制（MPCC）可以解决单矢量MPCC存在的电流和转矩谐波问题。但是传统DTP-PMSM多矢量MPCC仍然具有计算负担重、易受非理想因素影响和xy平面电流谐波大的问题。为此,该文提出一种基于xy平面闭环电流控制的DTP-PMSM改进多矢量MPCC策略。首先采用广义比例积分观测器（GPIO）观测集总扰动并更新预测模型,提高αβ 平面电流的控制性能。然后采用αβ 平面最外层基本电压矢量合成xy平面的虚拟电压矢量,在不引入额外电压矢量的前提下,实现对xy平面电流的闭环控制,并推导得到脉冲信号的开关序列以及各矢量的作用时间。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅能够减少控制算法的计算时间,提升αβ 平面电流的控制性能,还能抑制xy平面谐波电流。同时,该文所提出的xy平面闭环电流控制策略不影响αβ 平面MPCC的性能。

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关键词 ：双三相永磁同步电机, 模型预测电流控制, 谐波电流抑制, 多虚拟电压矢量优化

Abstract：The dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) features low drive voltage, high torque density, strong fault tolerance, and minimal torque ripple. It is ideal for electric vehicles, ship propulsion, aerospace, and wind power systems.
The finite set model predictive control (MPCC) offers fast dynamic response and multi-objective control, drawing widespread attention and research in recent years. However, applying MPCC to DTP-PMSM presents challenges such as poor torque-current control due to the limited d-q subspace voltage range and steady-state current tracking errors caused by motor parameter mismatches. Additionally, the equivalent input voltage caused by inverter nonlinearity and back EMF harmonics, particularly the 5th and 7th harmonics, acts on the lower-impedance x-y subspace. It is prone to generating harmonic currents that reduce motor efficiency.
Therefore, this paper proposes an improved multi-vector model predictive current control (MPCC) method for DTP-PMSM based on closed-loop current control in the x-y subspace. The proposed method mainly consists of four steps. Firstly, the virtual voltage vectors in the α-β and x-y subspaces are synthesized using the same combination of basic voltage vectors, simplifying the control of currents in both subspaces. Secondly, a generalized proportional-integral observer is used in the d-q subspace to detect and compensate for aggregated disturbances, enhancing current control accuracy. Then, a proportional-integral controller and virtual voltage vectors in the x-y subspace are used to implement closed-loop control of the x-y subspace. Finally, a fast voltage vector selection method for simultaneous control in both subspaces and an inverter pulse generation method to reduce current ripple by shortening individual voltage vector durations are proposed.
A comparative experiment was conducted to analyze the traditional multi-vector model predictive current control (MPCC1), the GPIO-based multi-virtual voltage vector MPCC (MPCC2), and the proposed method (MPCC3). Steady-state tests were conducted, and the A-phase current was analyzed using a fast Fourier transform. At 600 r/min and 2.5 N·m, the total harmonic distortion (THD) for MPCC1, MPCC2, and MPCC3 were 10.52%, 10.67%, and 5.31%, respectively. The 5th harmonic distortion rates were 8.99%, 9.11%, and 3.73%; the 7th were 4.00%, 4.03%, and 2.21%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively suppresses harmonic currents while maintaining the current control performance in the d-q subspace. Dynamic tests were then conducted. When the reference speed was suddenly increased, the GPIO-based method showed smaller current tracking errors, while all three methods exhibited similar dynamic performance.
The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The proposed method suppresses x-y subspace harmonic currents with a lower computational burden than traditional multi-vector MPCC. (2) The proposed method maintains dynamic and steady-state current tracking performance. (3) The proposed method suppresses harmonic currents in the x-y plane, and the proportional-integral controller limits the elimination.

Key words： Dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor model predictive current control harmonic current suppression multi-virtual voltage vector optimization

收稿日期: 2024-07-16

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费项目（2024CDJGF-004）、重庆市自然科学基金项目（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0430）和贵州省科技支撑项目（黔科合支撑[2024]一般037）（202466295699220662）资助

通讯作者: 夏波男,1990年生,博士后,讲师,研究方向为交流电机无传感器与模型预测控制。E-mail:xiabo@hnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 徐奇伟男,1983年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为特种电机设计与控制、电动汽车电驱动系统、混合动力的控制与仿真。E-mail:xuqw@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

徐奇伟, 易良武, 夏波, 苗轶如, 蔡华祥. 基于xy平面闭环电流控制的双三相永磁同步电机改进多矢量模型预测控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(14): 4506-4521. Xu Qiwei, Yi Liangwu, Xia Bo, Miao Yiru, Cai Huaxiang. Improved Multi-Vector Model Predictive Current Control of Dual-Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on xy Subspace Closed-Loop Current Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(14): 4506-4521.

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