交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料长时挤出焦烧特性近似模拟实验研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250925

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摘要交联聚乙烯（XLPE）绝缘材料是高压电缆的核心绝缘材料,其长时挤出加工过程中存在由局部高温和长时滞留引发的过早交联现象,严重时会发生焦烧。目前模拟XLPE绝缘材料长时挤出焦烧特性的方法有限。为此该文提出通过螺杆挤出机对XLPE绝缘材料进行多次循环挤出,以模拟长时挤出过程中的焦烧现象,研究焦烧对XLPE绝缘材料结构与性能的影响,同时对比了两种XLPE绝缘材料在经历不同挤出次数后的化学结构、交联度、氧化诱导期、热学性能、结晶行为、力学性能与介电性能等。结果表明,绝缘材料在发生焦烧后其交联样品高温下的力学性能显著劣化,介电常数增大,直流击穿场强降低约10%,而交流击穿场强仍保持相对稳定。XLPE绝缘材料焦烧后羰基含量持续上升,凝胶含量约为2%。该文近似模拟了XLPE绝缘材料在长时挤出过程中的焦烧规律,揭示了XLPE绝缘材料焦烧后的宏观物理性能,该方法能够有效地区分不同绝缘材料的耐焦烧性能,为高压电缆绝缘材料的性能提升与加工工艺优化提供支撑。

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	张旭
	王诗航
	刘红剑
	张亚
	詹陶
	杨海艳
	李储平
	何佳迅
	李盛涛

关键词 ：交联聚乙烯, 交联, 焦烧, 力学特性, 电学特性

Abstract：Manufacturing large lengths of high-voltage submarine cables requires cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation to be extruded continuously over long periods of time. However, problems such as premature cross-linking and scorching can occur during this process. Furthermore, effective simulation methods for scorching are lacking, as is research into the changes in the structure and properties of XLPE insulation materials during the scorching process. For this reason, this paper proposes simulating the scorching phenomenon during the long-term extrusion of XLPE insulation materials using a screw extruder with multiple extrusion cycles. The effect of scorching on XLPE insulation structure and properties is investigated by comparing the chemical structure, cross-linking degree, oxidation induction period, thermal properties, crystallisation behaviour, mechanical properties, and dielectric properties of two XLPE insulations after different numbers of extrusion cycles.
The mechanical properties of crosslinked insulation materials were found to deteriorate significantly at high temperatures after scorching. The dielectric constant increased and the DC breakdown strength decreased by around 10%, while the AC breakdown strength remained relatively stable. Crosslinking exothermic curves of different extruded batches of insulation materials were tested by DSC. Combined with the results of the OIT test, it was found that, after cyclic extrusion at 132℃, the content of the crosslinking agent and antioxidant in the insulation materials decreased significantly, but the gel content increased only slightly, stabilizing at around 2%. The reduction in the cross-linking agent means that the crosslinking network of the XLPE specimen remains relatively sparse, even after complete cross-linking at high temperatures, resulting in deterioration of its mechanical properties at high temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy shows that, with an increase in the number of extrusions, the carbonyl content of the A and B insulation materials increased. An increase in polar groups, such as carbonyl, and impurities will decrease the dielectric properties of the insulation materials and cause them to appear yellow.
This paper compares the structural changes and performance differences of insulation materials in different extrusion batches and draws the following conclusions: (1) The cyclic extrusion method of the screw extruder can simulate the scorching phenomenon of XLPE insulation material and distinguish the scorching resistance performance of different grades of insulation material. The scorching process is dominated by the formation of weak local cross-linking. After continuous extrusion of the insulation material, the gel content of the scorching product fluctuates around 2%, which is close to the gel content of the scorching product in factory production. (2) Scorching of cable insulation materials leads to an uneven cross-linked network structure in XLPE insulation, an increase in weak connection areas and defects, and changes in crystalline structure. Under prolonged high-temperature conditions, XLPE insulation materials consume cross-linking agents and antioxidants at different rates. XLPE insulation materials with slower antioxidant consumption rates exhibit superior scorching resistance performance. (3) As scorching severity increases, XLPE insulation material gradually turns yellow, accompanied by an increase in carbonyl content. After high-temperature crosslinking, the cross-linked network becomes sparser, resulting in a significant decline in the high-temperature mechanical properties and DC breakdown resistance of XLPE insulation. However, AC breakdown resistance has not decreased.

Key words： Cross-linked polyethylene cross-linking scorching mechanical properties electrical properties

收稿日期: 2025-06-03

PACS:

TM215.1

基金资助:中国电气装备集团科技项目资助（CEE-2022-B-01-02-007-XD）

通讯作者: 王诗航男,1990年生,博士生导师,研究方向为电缆绝缘材料与纳米复合电介质。E-mail：wangshih@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张旭男,2003年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高压电缆料的长时挤出特性。E-mail：2204111716@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张旭, 王诗航, 刘红剑, 张亚, 詹陶, 杨海艳, 李储平, 何佳迅, 李盛涛. 交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料长时挤出焦烧特性近似模拟实验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(11): 3868-3881. Zhang Xu, Wang Shihang, Liu Hongjian, Zhang Ya, Zhan Tao, Yang Haiyan, Li Chuping, He Jiaxun, Li Shengtao. Approximate Experimental Simulation of Scorching Characteristics in XLPE Cable Insulation Material During Long-Term Extrusion. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(11): 3868-3881.

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