预鉴定试验对220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料性能的影响

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241823

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摘要为评价基于国产交联聚乙烯（XLPE）绝缘材料的220 kV电缆长期运行的可靠性,该文研究了220 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆在预鉴定试验后主绝缘的长期老化性能。以同批次预鉴定试验前预留新电缆为参照,对预鉴定试验后电缆绝缘层分为内、中、外三层取样,采用红外光谱、热失重分析法、差示扫描量热法、凝胶含量、力学性能、电气性能等测试对绝缘材料热氧老化前后的性能进行系统研究。红外光谱测试结果表明,小分子交联副产物在预鉴定试验过程的热作用下扩散逸出,芳香酮羰基含量减少,交联聚乙烯氧化断链,导致氧化产物饱和脂肪酸酯/酮羰基含量增加。残余的交联剂促使XLPE在预鉴定试验中继续发生交联反应,交联度小幅提高。差示扫描量热试验结果表明,预鉴定试验的热应力促使晶体完善,材料结晶度增加。预鉴定试验后,国产220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆主绝缘材料的力学性能变化率较小,交流击穿强度满足标准限值。

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关键词 ：电力电缆, 预鉴定试验, 交联聚乙烯绝缘, 老化, 材料形态结构

Abstract：In order to improve the technology of domestic electrical materials for high-voltage cables, some domestic enterprises had successively established cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) production lines for 110 kV cables. And these cables had more than 10 years of operating experience. However, the long-term aging performance of 220 kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables based on domestic insulating materials was still insufficiently studied. In order to evaluate the long-term operational reliability of domestic 220 kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables, this work researches the long-term aging performance of the insulation material of domestic 220 kV XLPE cables after the pre-qualification test (PQ-test).
The 220 kV cross-linked polyethylene insulating materials produced by two domestic enterprises were used by five cable enterprises to manufacture five batches of 220 kV cables. PQ-test were carried out on the cables in accordance with GB/T 18890.1—2015, in which the thermal cycle was effectively carried out 186 times at a voltage of 216 kV, with the maximum temperature of the conductor core at 90℃. There was no breakdown of the circuit in 9 000 hours. All cables passed positive and negative polarity 1 050 kV lightning impulse tests 10 times each. Taking the new cables of the same batch reserved before the PQ-test as reference, the insulating layer of the cables after the PQ-test was sampled in inner, middle and outer layers. The performance of the specimens before and after the PQ-test was systematically characterized.
Firstly, the change mechanisms of thermal oxidation products and cross-linking by-products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the activation energy of thermal decomposition of the materials was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Afterwards, differential scanning calorimetry, gel content, mechanical properties and electrical properties were investigated. The results of infrared spectroscopy showed that small molecule cross-linking by-products diffused and escaped under the thermal effect of the PQ-test, the aromatic ketone carbonyl content of XLPE decreased, whose distribution tended to be the same in the radial direction due to sufficiently long diffusion times. The oxidative chain breakage of XLPE led to an increase in the oxidation product saturated fatty acid lipid/ketone carbonyl content. The residual cross-linking agent prompted XLPE to continue to undergo cross-linking reaction in the pre-identification test, and the degree of cross-linking increased slightly. The thermal history results of differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that the temperature of the inner, middle and outer layers of the insulation decreased about 3~5℃ sequentially during the PQ-test. The thermal stress of the PQ-test promoted the crystal refinement and the increase of the material crystallinity. Limited by the increased cross-linking density, the size of the newly formed microcrystals was smaller, and the crystals were less spatially confined to each other, favoring an increase in the number of nuclei. After the PQ-test, the mechamical properties of the main insulation material of domestic 220 kV cross-linked polyethylene cables showed little change, and the AC breakdown strength meet the standard limits.

Key words： Power cable pre-qualification test XLPE insulation aging material morphological structure

收稿日期: 2024-10-18

PACS:

TM215

基金资助:南方电网公司科技项目资助（SZKJXM20190588）

通讯作者: 徐曼女,1977年生,副教授,博士,研究方向为高分子电介质和纳米电介质。E-mail: xumman@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 侯帅女,1988年生,高级工程师,研究方向为高电压交直流绝缘、高压电缆绝缘材料、屏蔽料应用技术。E-mail: houshuai@csg.cn

引用本文:

侯帅, 范珍友, 徐曼, 展云鹏, 傅明利. 预鉴定试验对220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料性能的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(21): 6871-6881. Hou Shuai, Fan Zhenyou, Xu Man, Zhan Yunpeng, Fu Mingli. Investigation on Insulation Material Properties of 220 kV XLPECables after Pre-Qualification Test. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(21): 6871-6881.

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