强暴雨天气下复合悬式绝缘子交流闪络特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240653

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摘要

在强暴雨天气下,输电线路复合悬式绝缘子串易因瞬时降雨强度骤升、雨柱桥接伞裙间隙而导致爬电距离利用率降低,引发输电线路雨闪事故。为研究强暴雨天气下复合悬式绝缘子的交流闪络特性,该文以五种不同伞裙结构的复合绝缘子为试品,进行强降雨条件下的人工淋雨交流闪络试验。结果表明：单位绝缘高度淋雨闪络电压与降雨强度、雨水电导率分别呈负指数幂函数关系,两种影响因素单独作用下的电压梯度降幅分别可达35.7%、34.6%;伞裙直径、伞间距较大的复合绝缘子受降雨强度的影响更为明显,受雨水电导率的影响与其余不同伞形参数的绝缘子基本一致;雨闪电压梯度受复合绝缘子大伞伞裙边沿雨柱最大长度以及雨柱在大伞间空气间隙的平均长度占比的影响;伞间距和伞裙直径较大的复合绝缘子大伞伞裙遮挡作用明显,雨柱难以桥接伞裙间隙,爬距利用率较高,可有效地提升绝缘子耐压水平;临界泄漏电流平均值随降雨强度和雨水电导率的增大而增大。该文研究可为强暴雨频发地区输电线路绝缘子的选型提供参考。

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关键词 ：强暴雨天气, 交流闪络, 复合绝缘子, 伞形结构, 绝缘子选型

Abstract：

With global climate warming, the frequency of heavy rainstorm events is increasing. During heavy rainstorms, composite suspension insulator strings are prone to reduced creepage distance utilization and potential rain flashover accidents due to the sudden increase in rain intensity and rain columns bridging the skirt gaps. Since the rod diameter and skirt diameter of composite suspension insulators are smaller than those of large-diameter composite pin insulators, and there are significant differences in skirt structure and creepage distance, the rain flashover characteristics of suspension insulators cannot be equated with pin insulators. Hence, there is insufficient data on the rain flashover characteristics of composite suspension insulators.
This paper conducts artificial rain flashover tests under strong rainfall conditions using five different skirt structures of composite insulators. It investigates the effects of rain intensity and water conductivity on insulator AC flashover characteristics by analyzing the rain column length at the skirt edge, simulation models, arc development paths, and critical leakage currents. A formula for calculating the unit insulator height AC flashover voltage under the combined effects of rain intensity and water conductivity is proposed and verified for accuracy.
Results indicate that the unit insulator height rain flashover voltage is negatively correlated with rain intensity and water conductivity, following an exponential decay function. The voltage gradient reduction can reach 35.7% and 34.6% respectively due to these factors. The rainfall intensity of 9 mm/min can be considered the tipping point between non-extreme and extreme rainfall. Additionally, composite insulators with larger skirt diameters and skirt spacings are more significantly affected by rain intensity, while the impact of water conductivity is consistent across different skirt parameters. When the rainfall intensity is low, the shorter rain column causes the arc to develop along the path of "rain column-air gap-small skirt surface." When the rainfall intensity is high, the rain column is longer, and the vertical air gap within the rain column is directly broken down, leading to the arc development path of “rain column-vertical air gap-large skirt surface”.
In addition, the maximum length of the rain column at the skirt increases with rain intensity and varies with skirt diameter and spacing. The arc development path differs significantly among insulators with different skirt parameters. Insulators with larger skirt diameters and spacings exhibit a combined air gap and skirt surface discharge path, with reduced rain column bridging the skirt gap due to effective skirt coverage, resulting in higher creepage utilization. Therefore, insulators with larger skirt diameters and spacings can effectively enhance the insulation strength. Due to the influence of the number of charged particles in the water and the area covered by the water film, the average critical leakage current increases with rain intensity and water conductivity, which increases the energy gained by the electric arc and promotes the development of local arcs and the formation of discharge channels. During heavy rainstorms, to reduce surface leakage current on composite insulators and prevent rainwater from bridging the skirts to form a “rain pillar-vertical air gap” continuous arc path, it is recommended to use composite insulators with larger inter-skirt spacing and skirt diameters in regions prone to frequent heavy rainfall.

Key words： Heavy rainstorm AC flashover composite insulators shed configurations insulator selection

收稿日期: 2024-04-25

PACS:

TM216

基金资助:

国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（B311WZ230001）和中央高校基本科研业务费（2023CDJYXTD-005）资助

通讯作者: 陈旭烨男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为复杂环境电气外绝缘及防护。E-mail：1085407010@qq.com.cn

作者简介: 胡琴男,1981年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为复杂环境电气外绝缘、电网防冰减灾技术。E-mail：huqin@cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

胡琴, 陈旭烨, 闻君, 荣文奇, 魏亚楠. 强暴雨天气下复合悬式绝缘子交流闪络特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2492939-2492939. Hu Qin, Chen Xuye, Wen Jun, Rong Wenqi, Wei Yanan. AC Flashover Characteristics of Composite Suspension Insulators under Heavy Rainstorm. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2492939-2492939.

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