Online Detection of DC-Link Capacitance Parameters of Single-Phase Boost Power Factor Correction Converter Based on Improved Harmonic Injection
Lu Weiguo1, Cao Qi1, Zhang Tingting1, Luo Tianzhu2, Zhang Huaiqing1
1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China; 2. China Electronics Chip Technology Research Institute Chongqing 400060 China
Abstract：Boost PFC converter is commonly utilized in rectifier circuits due to its ability to achieve a high power factor and low input current distortion. For the single-phase boost PFC converter, large-capacity and low-priced aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are typically employed to balance the instantaneous power deviation between the input and the output. However, the failure-prone nature of electrolytic capacitors may result in system instability or even collapse. Therefore, the real-time detection of electrolytic capacitor status information, assessment of its service life, and timely replacement of the soon-to-be-failed electrolytic capacitor can provide an important technical guarantee for the reliability of PFC power supply operation. This paper proposes an improved "zero-crossing removal interval" harmonic injection method for online detection of capacitance parameters to solve current zero-crossing distortion caused by harmonic injection. Additionally, based on the harmonic response of the bus voltage, the harmonic capacitor current reconstruction is achieved, and a model for calculating the CR and RE parameters without capacitor current sampling is constructed. Firstly, the AC and DC input-output power action characteristics of the Boost PFC converter are fully utilized, i.e., the high harmonic current injection of the current control loop produces a high harmonic voltage splitting phenomenon on the output voltage. The two split harmonic voltage signals are employed to reconstruct the capacitor current; the capacitor's low-frequency impedance model is used to estimate CR; a mid-frequency domain harmonic capacitor parameter computation model is established to estimate the RE. In addition, the high harmonic current injection in the current loop inevitably results in an asymmetric zero-crossing distortion of the input current, directly affecting the accuracy of the capacitance parameter computation model. Consequently, the zero-crossing removal interval harmonic current injection method is employed to solve zero-crossing distortion caused by inter-area injection. The improved “zero-crossing removal interval” method avoids the reconstructed high-order capacitor current calculation error, enhancing CR and RE accuracy. Eighteen types of capacitor conditions are selected for simulation calculation, and 48 W/72 W/144 W Boost PFC experimental prototypes are established. The proposed detection method is verified under an input voltage of 60 V, a switching frequency of 100 kHz, and an output voltage of 120 V. The results demonstrated that the method exhibits high detection accuracy under symmetrical injection conditions with a 10% zero-crossing removal interval, a 10 V injection amplitude, and a 650 Hz frequency. Furthermore, the improved “zero-crossing removal interval” method can achieve parameter detection error within 5% under different loads (100 Ω, 200 Ω, and 300 Ω) and capacitor conditions (196 mΩ/412 μF and 216 mΩ/617 μF), regardless of light or heavy loads. This paper presents the following conclusions. (1) The proposed method considers the impact of current on distortion caused by harmonic injection. A “zero-crossing removal interval” harmonic injection method improves the accuracy of capacitance parameter detection. (2) In the “zero-crossing removal interval” method, the capacitor current is obtained through algorithmic reconstruction, which avoids high-precision capacitor current sampling. The harmonic injection is achieved by the control algorithm without additional hardware equipment. (3) The proposed capacitance parameter calculation model is derived based on the AC-DC power balance, making it straightforward to extend to similar AC-DC converters.
卢伟国, 曹琪, 张婷婷, 罗天柱, 张淮清. 基于改进谐波注入的单相Boost功率因数校正变换器直流母线电容参数在线检测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(8): 2601-2614.
Lu Weiguo, Cao Qi, Zhang Tingting, Luo Tianzhu, Zhang Huaiqing. Online Detection of DC-Link Capacitance Parameters of Single-Phase Boost Power Factor Correction Converter Based on Improved Harmonic Injection. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(8): 2601-2614.
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