Two-Sided LCL Zero Voltage Switching Control Strategy Based on Active Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer System
Li Zheng1,2, Yu Zhihao1, Gao Shihao1, Tang Minglei1, Sun Hexu1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China; 2. School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
Abstract：In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, achieving accurate voltage regulation and efficient operation are critical. Current research achieves constant voltage output and zero voltage switch (ZVS) with additional DC-DC converters and variable resonant networks. However, these approaches increase system losses and costs. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-sided LCL phase-shifting control strategy. The internal phase shift angle of the inverter and active rectifier (AR) is used to achieve constant voltage output and maximum efficiency tracking, and the external phase shift angle between the two converters achieves ZVS of all switching tubes. By analyzing the power loss, the constraint condition between the internal phase shift angle is obtained. The minimum external phase shift angle δopt of ZVS is further determined, and the system’s high efficiency is realized. In addition, the power angle θpower is introduced as the intermediate variable, and the frequency synchronization of the primary and secondary sides is realized using the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Firstly, utilizing the fundamental wave equivalent model, the constant voltage characteristics of the system and the constraint conditions of the inverter output voltage and AR input voltage pulse-width ratio D1 and D2 are analyzed. The results show that transmission efficiency peaks when the AC voltage ratio α =1. With load variations, achieving constant voltage output and maximum efficiency tracking is feasible by adjusting D1 and D2. Secondly, based on the time-domain harmonics model, the derivation and simplification of the time-domain expression of inductance current are conducted. The simplified model is then analyzed to determine the external phase shift angle δ. By comparing δ of the inverter and AR, the δopt is obtained. Thirdly, the overall control strategy is introduced. The constant voltage output is achieved by adjusting D1 and D2. The introduction of θpower as an intermediate variable establishes the relationship between δ and θpower, enabling indirect control of δ through the regulation of θpower. Subsequently, the frequency synchronization of the primary and secondary sides is realized using a VCO, effectively solving the synchronization challenge associated with an active rectifier. Finally, system simulations and experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the system can achieve ZVS for all MOSFETs and maintain a constant voltage output regardless of load variations. Moreover, the proposed synchronous control strategy can effectively track the switching frequency of the inverter and precisely adjust the required δopt. As D1 and D2 consistently adhere to the maximum efficiency constraints during system adjustments, the system also achieves maximum efficiency tracking. When the coupling coefficient k is 0.31, the transmission efficiency of the system is the highest, and the maximum efficiency is 93.8%.
李争, 于治昊, 高世豪, 唐明磊, 孙鹤旭. 基于有源整流的无线电能传输系统双边LCL零电压软开关控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(8): 2380-2392.
Li Zheng, Yu Zhihao, Gao Shihao, Tang Minglei, Sun Hexu. Two-Sided LCL Zero Voltage Switching Control Strategy Based on Active Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(8): 2380-2392.
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2025, Vol. 40 
