基于标量磁势的轴向磁通永磁电机非线性解析计算

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231094

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摘要

解析计算因其较高的计算精度和速度,在电机的初始设计阶段具有明显优势。解析计算主要基于矢量磁势和标量磁势来开展。由于电枢反应磁场是有旋场,几乎所有涉及电枢反应磁场的解析模型都采用矢量磁势。相比于矢量磁势,标量磁势具有模型简单、计算快速的优势,然而难以采用标量磁势建立电枢反应磁场的解析模型。为了解决这一难题,本文以轴向磁通永磁电机为研究对象,基于二维谐波子域方法与麦克斯韦方程组,将电枢磁势等效成槽口电流片模型,并将该模型用于建立和求解电机解析模型。最后,利用有限元软件建立了10槽4极5相集中绕组轴向磁通永磁电机仿真模型。仿真及实验结果验证了解析模型的准确性与有效性。

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关键词 ：非线性解析模型, 磁场, 标量磁势, 轴向磁通永磁电机

Abstract：

Analytical model (AM) has significant value in the early design stage for electrical machines, in terms of both time and accuracy. AM can be developed based on vector or scalar potential. Until now, almost AMs for armature reaction are using the vector potential. However, scalar potential has advantages of simple description and fast calculation, but it is difficult to model armature reaction by scalar potential since the armature reaction magnetic field has a curl effect. To solve this problem, the axial flux permanent magnet motor is taken as the research object in this paper, and the armature reaction and the nonlinear characteristics of the core are focused on, hence, an accurate two-dimensional analytical calculation method based on scalar magnetic potential is proposed.
The fundamental harmonic analytical model with scalar magnetic potential is applied in the rectangular coordinate system. In order to consider the distribution characteristics of the armature conductor, the armature winding is equivalent to a thin current sheet stacked on the boundary, the stator is considered as a slot without a tooth tip to simplify the calculation. Consequently, there are three calculation regions in the analytical model, namely permanent magnet, air gap and stator slot. Then, the model can be developed and solved by using harmonic sub-domain technique. In order to consider saturation, an iterative process is developed in the proposed model. Moreover, quasi-3D methods, which are widely used to convert 3D models into 2D models to reduce the computational time, is used to model of 10-slot 4-pole 5-phase concentrated winding amorphous alloy axial flux permanent magnet motor by using finite element software. The cylindrical section at average radius is convert to two-dimensional computational planes. The calculation results, such as the flux densities in the airgap, the stator iron, are compared with the results obtained by proposed model.
The comparison between the results predicted by the AM and the results obtained by the finite element model shows that the proposed AM can effectively predict the air gap flux density distribution of the permanent magnet with different magnetization angles, the armature magnetic field and the load magnetic field. The magnetic density distribution in the stator core also has good calculation accuracy, and the nonlinear characteristics of the core are considered. And it can predict the back electromotive force with high precision. The related experiments are carried out. The results of cogging torque and back electromotive force are in good agreement. The relative error of static torque is 0.6 %, which in the acceptable range.
The AM model based on the scalar magnetic potential is developed and proposed, the effect of calculating the armature magnetic field is achieved. Furthermore, the nonlinear iterative derivation calculation is carried out to obtain the no-load and load characteristics of the motor. The results show that the calculation time is greatly reduced compared with the finite element calculation. Simulation and experimental results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the analytical model. The calculation model proposed in this paper is not limited to axial flux permanent magnet motor, it also can be used for radial flux permanent magnet machines after modifications with same principle.

Key words： Nonlinear analytical model magnetic field scalar potential axial flux permanent magnet machine

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金(52107051,51907027),国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4201402),江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(21KJB470025)资助项目

通讯作者: 郭保成,男,1986年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电机内多物理场计算方法、轴向磁通永磁电机设计等。E-mail：bc.guo@njnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘业,男,1990年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为航空推进电机及车载驱动电机系统设计等。E-mail：liuye@njnu.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘业, 郭保成, 陈叶群, 肖思聪, 赵震. 基于标量磁势的轴向磁通永磁电机非线性解析计算[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9036-36. Liu Ye, Guo Baocheng, Chen Yequn, Xiao Sicong, Zhao Zhen. Nonlinear Analytical Solution in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines using Scalar Potential. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9036-36.

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