HVDC送端系统振荡引发受端换相失败的机理分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222381

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (489 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

高压直流输电系统送、受端存在电气耦合及两端的控制配合,因此,送端振荡可通过系统控制逻辑、电气量及控制量变化等影响受端系统的运行状态,增加了受端换相失败的风险。现有工作主要研究了送端大扰动引发受端换相失败的现象与机理,本文通过对标准直流系统进行小信号分析,发现直流系统中存在低频频段的固有振荡频率,一旦交流系统发生相近频段的振荡,将可能诱发直流系统共振。在此基础上,分析共振引起系统电气量以及控制量的波动对换相失败的影响,通过HVDC的准稳态方程分析共振后直流电流上升导致关断角下降引发首次换相失败的机理,然后从两端的控制系统出发,研究逆变侧控制切换引发后续换相失败的机理。最后利用CIGRE直流输电标准测试系统进行验证,并结合换相失败发生机理对换相失败的抑制策略进行了初步讨论。本文首次研究了送端系统振荡引发受端换相失败的现象和机理,对提升高压直流输电系统运行的安全稳定性有重要意义。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	郑乐
	吴晶
	徐衍会
	孙英云
	刘崇茹

关键词 ：高压直流输电, 送端振荡, 受端换相失败, 机理分析

Abstract：

There is strong electrical and control coupling between the sending and receiving ends of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Therefore, disturbances on the sending end can affect the operation state of the receiving end system through changes in control logic, electrical or control quantities, increasing the risk of commutation failure (CF) on the receiving end. The phenomenon and mechanism of CF at the receiving end caused by large disturbances at the sending end have been studied in literature. In this paper, it is found that inherent oscillation modes exist whose frequencies are located in the low-frequency range in the system. If oscillations in similar frequency bands occur in the sending AC system, resonance in the DC system is likely to be induced, causing CF in the receiving end. If the resonance is not controlled in time, it will lead to further switching of constant current control and constant extinction angle control at the inverter side. Uncontrolled extinction angle during control switching is very likely to cause subsequent CFs or even DC blocking. Therefore, discovering the mechanism of such CF is important to contribute to the operational safety and stability of HVDC transmission systems.
Firstly, we analyze the whole process of the CF caused by the sending end oscillation using simulation curves from the CIGRE benchmark HVDC system. According to the simulation results, four different stages after the first detection of the sending end oscillation have been identified.
Secondly, we compute the eigenvalues of the CIGRE benchmark HVDC system using a small-signal stability model and determine the inherent oscillation modes of the system. Among them, there is one special mode that the sending end current controller participates in the most, according to the participation factor values. The frequency of the special mode of the CIGRE benchmark system is 1.2 Hz, which is located in the low-frequency range. When the sending system encounters oscillations of nearby frequencies, resonance is easily induced so that the sending end controller will be corrupted. Based on this observation, the quasi-steady-state equations are used to derive the DC current equation to analyze the rise of DC current after resonance, which leads to a fall in the extinction angle and triggers the first CF. Then, the control equations are used to analyze the switching process of the system controller and to elucidate the mechanism by which control switching leads to subsequent CFs.
Finally, all the theoretical findings are validated by simulations carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC. We have tested a series of oscillations of different frequencies, i.e. 0.1 Hz, 0.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 2.5 Hz, 7.6 Hz, and 66 Hz. The results show that oscillations in the low-frequency band of 0.1-2.5 Hz can trigger resonance in the system and lead to CF on the receiving end. Moreover, the first CF can be observed around 0.5 s after the 1.2 Hz oscillation is injected into the sending end system, which is faster than other oscillations from 0.1 Hz to 2.5 Hz since 1.2 Hz is the frequency of the inherent oscillation. Additionally, oscillations of 7.6 Hz and 66 Hz will not cause CFs, although these two frequencies are also the frequency of the inherent oscillation. Their participation factors indicate that these two inherent oscillations are not related to the system controller.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the paper: 1) There exist four stages after the sending end oscillation occurs, and CFs will happen if the frequency is in some certain range. 2) The root cause of CFs caused by sending end oscillations is that oscillations resonate with the inherent oscillation modes of the HVDC system, resulting in fluctuations in electrical and control quantities. The rise of DC current induces the first CF, and the switching of control leads to subsequent CFs. 3) The key to preventing CFs caused by sending end oscillations is to tune the system parameters so that the inherent oscillation mode has a strong damping ratio in the common frequency band.

Key words： High voltage direct current sending end oscillation commutation failure mechanism analysis

收稿日期: 2023-01-03

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划“储能与智能电网技术”重点专项2022年度项目“无常规电源支撑的大规模新能源发电基地稳定运行及直流送出关键技术”（2022YFB2402700）资助项目

通讯作者: 刘崇茹, 女,1977年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交直流混合系统分析与仿真、运行与控制。Email: chongru.liu@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑乐, 男,1989年生,讲师,研究方向为人工智能及其在电力系统稳定与控制的应用。Email: zhengl20@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郑乐, 吴晶, 徐衍会, 孙英云, 刘崇茹. HVDC送端系统振荡引发受端换相失败的机理分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9007-7. Zheng Le, Wu Jing, Xu Yanhui, Sun Yingyun, Liu Chongru. Mechanism Analysis of Receiving End Commutation Failure Caused by Sending End Oscillation in HVDC Transmission System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9007-7.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222381 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/9007

[1] 郭春义, 赵剑, 刘炜, 等. 抑制高压直流输电系统换相失败方法综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(增刊1): 1-10.
Guo Chunyi, Zhao Jian, Liu Wei, et al.A review of methods to mitigate the commutation failure for LCC-HVDC[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(S1): 1-10.
[2] 孟沛彧, 向往, 潘尔生, 等. 分址建设直流输电系统拓扑方案与运行特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(19): 4808-4822.
Meng Peiyu, Xiang Wang, Pan Ersheng, et al.Research on topology and operation characteristics of HVDC transmission system based on site-division construction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(19):4808-4822.
[3] 贺永杰, 向往, 周家培, 等. LCC-MMC串联型混合直流输电系统小信号建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(7):1492-1506.
He Yongjie, Xiang Wang, Zhou Jiapei, et al.Small-signal modelling of LCC-MMC series hybrid HVDC transmission system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(7):1492-1506.
[4] 武传健, 张大海. 受端混联型LCC-VSC直流输电线路快速后备保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊02): 541-553.
Wu Chuanjian, Zhang Dahai.Fast back-up protection scheme of receiving-end hybrid LCC-VSC DC transmission lines[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S2): 541-553.
[5] 周孝信, 陈树勇, 鲁宗相, 等. 能源转型中我国新一代电力系统的技术特征[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(7): 1893-1904.
Zhou Xiaoxin, Chen Shuyong, Lu Zongxiang, et al.Technology features of the new generation power system in China[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(7): 1893-1904.
[6] 曾亮, 李永丽, 张云柯, 等. 逆变侧交流系统不对称故障引发HVDC系统连续换相失败的机理及抑制策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(11): 3159-3167.
Zeng Liang, Li Yongli, Zhang Yunke, et al.Research on mechanism and control strategy of continuous commutation failures in HVDC system caused by asymmetrical fault in inverter-side AC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(11): 3159-3167.
[7] 汤奕, 郑晨一. 高压直流输电系统换相失败影响因素研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(2): 499-513.
Tang Yi, Zheng Chenyi.Review on influencing factors of commutation failure in HVDC systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(2): 499-513.
[8] Wang Qi, Zhang Chaoming, Wu Xingquan, et al.Commutation failure prediction method considering commutation voltage distortion and DC current variation[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 96531-96539.
[9] 景柳铭, 王宾, 董新洲, 等. 高压直流输电系统连续换相失败研究综述[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(9) :116-123
Jing Liuming, Wang Bin, Dong Xinzhou, et al.Review of consecutive commutation failure research for HVDC transmission system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2019, 39(9) :116-123
[10] 宋金钊, 李永丽, 曾亮, 等. 高压直流输电系统换相失败研究综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(22): 2-13.
Song Jinzhao, Li Yongli, Zeng Liang, et al.Review on commutation failure of HVDC transmission system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(22): 2-13.
[11] 王增平, 刘席洋, 郑博文, 等. 基于电压波形拟合的换相失败快速预测与抑制措施[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(7):1454-1463.
Wang Zengping, Liu Xiyang, Zheng Bowen, et al.The research on fast prediction and suppression measures of commutation failure based on voltage waveform fitting[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(7): 1454-1463.
[12] 李培平, 周泓宇, 姚伟, 等. 多馈入结构背景下的高压直流输电系统换相失败研究综述[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(3): 834-850.
Li Peiping, Zhou Hongyu, Yao Wei, et al.Review of commutation failure on HVDC transmission system under background of multi-infeed structure[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(3): 834-850.
[13] 许汉平, 杨炜晨, 张东寅, 等. 考虑换相失败相互影响的多馈入高压直流系统换相失败判断方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(8):1776-1786.
Xu Hanping, Yang Weichen, Zhang Dongyin, et al.Commutation failure judgment method for multi-infeed HVDC systems considering the interaction of commutation failures[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(8):1776-1786.
[14] Xiao Hao, Li Yinhong, Lan Tongkun.Sending end AC faults can cause commutation failure in LCC-HVDC inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2020, 35(5): 2554-2557.
[15] Hong Lerong, Zhou Xiaoping, Xia Haitao, et al.Mechanism and prevention of commutation failure in LCC-HVDC caused by sending end AC faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2021, 36(1): 473-476.
[16] 刘磊, 林圣, 刘健, 等. 控制器交互不当引发后续换相失败的机理分析[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(10): 3562-3568.
Liu Lei, Lin Sheng, Liu Jian, et al.Mechanism analysis of subsequent commutation failures caused by improper interaction of controllers[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(10): 3562-3568.
[17] 林圣, 雷雨晴, 刘健, 等. HVDC送端系统故障引发受端换相失败分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(5): 1669-1679, 中插3.
Lin Sheng, Lei Yuqing, Liu Jian, et al.Analysis of receiving-side commutation failure mechanism caused by HVDC sending-side system fault[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(5): 1669-1679.
[18] 马星, 李凤婷, 尹纯亚. 整流侧换流母线电压恢复对逆变器换相的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(8): 2950-2956.
Ma Xing, Li Fengting, Yin Chunya.Impact of voltage restoration of commutation bus on rectifier side on commutation of inverters[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(8): 2950-2956.
[19] 马星, 李凤婷, 尹纯亚, 等. 整流侧换流母线电压恢复导致逆变器换相失败的机理分析[J]. 电力工程技术, 2021, 40(4): 83-88
Ma Xing, Li Fengting, Yin Chunya, et al.Mechanism analysis of inverter commutation failure caused by voltage recovery of commutation bus at rectifier side[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering, 2021, 40(4):83-88
[20] 李至峪. 考虑电压动态过程的交直流混合系统小信号建模方法研究与应用[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2021.