具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222371

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摘要

开发基于感应功率传输的无线充电系统是一个很有前途的研究领域。本研究的目的在于,在给定谐振频率和给定发射线圈和接收线圈之间距离的情况下,优化具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率。这些约束反映了线圈的尺寸限制、输入电压限制下所需的传输功率,以及部件上的过电压。为了达到目标,制定了优化标准。已经为频域中优化标准的每个组件建立了对无线充电系统谐振电路参数的依赖性。由于这些依赖关系看起来非常复杂,在给定的情况下利用参数之间的联系,并采用最小二乘法的切比雪夫多项式近似,它们在优化任务中被简化为一个变量。因此,理论上已经获得了指示优化标准满足的谐振电路参数。利用为电动卡车ET-20132专门制造的无线充电系统对所提出的约束效率优化方法进行了实验验证。实验和理论的比较表明,它们在谐振频率上具有良好的收敛性,由数学模型中的假设引起的谐振频率偏差是可接受的。经实验证明,无线充电系统的效率为91%。

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关键词 ：电动汽车, 无线充电系统, 谐振磁路, LC串联补偿, 约束效率优化, 传递函数, 参数近似

Abstract：

The intensive development of electric vehicles contributes to the advancement of charging systems for their batteries. One of the promising areas is wireless charging systems based on inductive power transfer. When developing such a wireless charging system, there is an issue of maximizing its efficiency where a major affecting factor is parameter optimization primarily the relation between inductances and capacitances of a resonant circuit of the wireless charging system.
This research is aimed at constraint efficiency optimization of wireless charging systems with LC-series compensating topology at a given resonant frequency and a given distance between transmitting and receiving coils. The constraints reflect dimensional restrictions on coils, required transferred power under an input voltage limit, and excess voltages on components. To reach the goal, the mathematical model of this system is used that assumes load as active resistance, no losses besides the ohm one, and the idealized inverter, rectifier, and power supply. Formulated in terms of the model the optimization criteria include the following four components: 1) the efficiency function ξ₁ to be maximized; 2) the constraint function ξ₂ determining the amount of transferred power to be lower limited; 3) and 4) the constraint functions ξ₃ and ξ₄ determining the excess voltage on the primary side capacitor and the secondary side capacitor respectively that to be upper limited. Using a frequency domain, the dependencies describing each component of the optimization criteria on the resonant circuit parameters of the wireless charging systems have been established. But the complexity of these dependencies has appeared to be too high to analytically reach the optimal solution. To circumvent this difficulty part of the resonant circuit parameters are thought of as constants in the given circumstance and are discarded. Next using Chebyshev polynomial approximation by the least-squares method, the dependencies between the rest of the parameters are obtained and these parameters in the description of the optimization criteria components are reduced to the coil inductance L. Further the dependencies ξ₁(L)-ξ₄(L) are compared with their boundary conditions. Thus, the resonant circuit parameters indicating the optimization criteria fulfillment have been theoretically obtained.
The presented constrained efficiency optimization has been experimentally validated using the specially-made wireless charging system for the electric truck ET-20132. To make the comparison between the experiments and the theory more adequate, some losses have additionally been estimated and considered. They are losses caused by the skin effect and losses in the transistors at the high-frequency inverter, in the diodes at the high-voltage bridge rectifier, and in the control schemes. The experiments vs theory comparison has shown their good convergence at the resonant frequency 91.3 kHz and acceptable deviations exteriorly the resonant frequency (the approximate frequency range less than 88 kHz and more than 96 kHz). The wireless charging system normally operates at the frequency range from 91.3 kHz up to 92.5 kHz where the experimental load current is convergent with the model which means all the required amount of power will be transferred. The smallest average experiments vs theory deviations are seen for voltages on the primary side capacitor and the secondary side capacitor, but these experimental values are mostly higher than in the model. The most sufficient experiments vs theory deviations are at the efficiency, and they are caused by the assumptions made in the mathematical model. However, the experimentally proven efficiency is 91%.

Key words： Electric vehicle wireless charging system resonant magnetic circuit LC-series compensation constrained efficiency optimization transfer function parameters approximation

收稿日期: 2022-12-28

PACS:

TM724

引用本文:

瓦列里·扎维亚洛夫, 伊琳娜·塞米金娜, 叶夫根尼·杜布科夫, 阿梅特汗维利利亚耶夫, 阿姆雷夫基. 具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9006-6. Valery Zavyalov, Irina Semykina, Evgeny Dubkov, Amet-Khan Velilyaev, Amr Refky. Constrained Efficiency Optimization for the Wireless Charging System with LC-Series Compensating Topology. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9006-6.

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