基于阻抗在线测量的锂离子电池过放电诱发内短路识别研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230026

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (1)

全文: PDF (3931 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

锂离子电池的过放电行为可诱发内短路进而可能导致热失控。由于单体电池一致性差异和过放电导致的内短路初期电、热特征不明显,使得电压和温度等常规物理参数难以可靠实现故障预警,而阻抗可以反映电池内部信息,对故障状态具有较好的指示能力。该文通过分析锂离子电池过放电诱发内短路引起阻抗变化的机理,基于设计的阻抗在线测量装置,确定了用于监测电池内短路故障的特征阻抗频率为70Hz,获取了过放电诱发内短路过程中特征频率下动态阻抗及阻抗变化率,提出了一种基于动态阻抗特征的内短路在线识别方法并验证了方法的可靠性。实验结果表明,锂离子电池放电过程中动态阻抗半正弦变化特征可提前约144s实现过放电预警,动态阻抗针状变化特征可提前约152s实现内短路故障预警,动态阻抗明显回升特征可作为内短路发生的标志。此外,阻抗变化率特征有助于实现锂离子电池故障识别及预警,该方法在锂离子电池故障在线快速诊断中具有重要的应用潜力。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	张闯
	杨浩
	刘素贞
	徐志成
	杨庆新

关键词 ：过放电阻抗在线测量, 内短路在线识别, 故障预警

Abstract：

The over-discharge behavior of lithium-ion batteries can induce internal short circuits, which may lead to thermal runaway. Early detection of internal short circuits is an effective measure to prevent catastrophic accidents from occurring. Due to the difference in the consistency of the single cell and the lack of obvious electrical and thermal characteristics at the initial stage of the internal short circuit caused by over-discharge, it is difficult to reliably realize fault warning with conventional physical parameters such as voltage and temperature. However, the impedance can reflect the internal information of the battery and has a good indication of the fault state. Currently, there is a lack of research on impedance-based online diagnosis of internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries, and there exist complex model establishment or identification of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameters. Therefore, this article proposes a lithium-ion battery internal short circuit online identification method based on the dynamic impedance characteristic under a frequency of 70 Hz induced by over-discharge. This method does not involve complex mathematical models or parameter identification and can accurately identify internal short circuits caused by over-discharge, with certain fault warning capabilities.
Firstly, the mechanism of internal short circuits induced by over-discharge in lithium-ion batteries was studied, and the dynamic impedance change characteristics during the process of internal short circuit induced by over-discharge were analyzed. Secondly, an impedance online measurement device for lithium-ion batteries was designed, and an over-discharge induced internal short circuit experimental platform was built. EIS under different temperature environments and different state of charge conditions were obtained, and the characteristic impedance frequency for internal short circuit fault identification was determined. Dynamic impedance measurements during normal charging and discharging as well as over-discharge processes of lithium-ion batteries were carried out, and the dynamic impedance and impedance change rate features for internal short circuit fault identification were analyzed. Based on the dynamic impedance characteristics, a lithium-ion battery internal short circuit online identification method was proposed. Finally, according to the irreversible capacity loss and self-discharge characteristics of the internal short circuit battery and battery disassembly, the reliability of the over-discharge induced internal short circuit identification method based on dynamic impedance characteristics was verified.
The experimental results show that the dynamic impedance of lithium-ion batteries during discharge exhibits a semi-sinusoidal characteristic change, which can provide an early warning of over-discharge by about 144 seconds in advance. The needle-like characteristic change of dynamic impedance can provide an early warning of internal short circuit faults by about 152 seconds. The significant rebound feature of dynamic impedance can be used as a sign of internal short circuit occurrence. In addition, the feature of impedance change rate is helpful for realizing fault identification and warning of lithium-ion batteries. Experimental verification has shown that batteries with a significant rebound characteristic of dynamic impedance, when stopped discharging, experience a sharp increase in irreversible capacity loss and self-discharge capacity loss. Moreover, after disassembling and comparing this battery with a normal battery, it was clearly observed that the positive electrode had a deposition of copper metal, the negative electrode graphite layer was damaged, the copper foil was dissolved, and the separator was sparse and showed signs of damage, which demonstrated the reliability of the method described in this article.

Key words： Overdischarge Impedance online measurement Internal short circuit online identification Fault warning.

收稿日期: 2023-01-09

PACS:

TM911

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（51977058）、河北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（216Z4406G）和电力系统国家重点实验室课题（SKLD21KZ04）资助

通讯作者: 张闯, 男,1982 年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为储能装置的安全状态评价与预警、电工装备电磁无损检测与评估。E-mail：czhang@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨浩, 男,1996 年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为锂离子电池无损检测技术。E-mail：202121401101@stu.hebut.edu.cn

引用本文:

张闯, 杨浩, 刘素贞, 徐志成, 杨庆新. 基于阻抗在线测量的锂离子电池过放电诱发内短路识别研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9008-8. Zhang Chuang, Yang Hao, Liu Suzhen, Xu Zhicheng, Yang Qingxin. Research on Overdischarge-Induced Internal Short Circuit Identification of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Impedance Online Measurement. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9008-8.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230026 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/9008

[1] 牛志远,姜欣,谢镔, 等.电动汽车过充燃爆事故模拟及安全防护研究[J].电工技术学报,2022,37(01):36-47+57.
Niu Zhiyuan, Jiang Xin, Xie Bin, et al. Study on simulation and safety protection of electric vehicle overcharge and explosion accident[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(01): 36-47+57.
[2] 孙丙香, 任鹏博, 陈育哲, 等. 锂离子电池在不同区间下的衰退影响因素分析及任意区间的老化趋势预测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021,36(3): 666-674.
Sun Bingxiang, Ren Pengbo, Chen Yuzhe, et al.Analysis of influencing factors of degradation under different interval stress and prediction of aging trend in any interval for lithium-ion battery[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(3): 666-674.
[3] 韩云飞,谢佳,蔡涛,等.基于自动编码器的锂离子电池状态评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2021,45(24):41-48.
Han Yunfei, Xie Jia, Cai Tao, et al.Autoencoder-based state evaluation method for lithium-ion battery[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(24):41-48.
[4] Feng Xuning, Ouyang Minggao, Liu Xiang, et al.Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: a review[J]. Energy Storage Materials,2018,10: 246-267.
[5] Lyu Nawei, Jin Yang, Xiong Rui, et al.Real-time overcharge warning and early thermal runaway prediction of Li-ion battery by online impedance measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(2): 1929-1936.
[6] 洪琰,周龙, 张俊, 等.锂离子电池充放电机械压力特性研究[J].机械工程学报, 2022, 58(20): 410-420.
Hong Yan, Zhou Long, Zhang Jun, et al.Study on the mechanical pressure characteristics of charge and discharge of lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(20): 410-420.
[7] Gao Wei, Li Xiaoyu, Ma Nina, et al.Case study of an electric vehicle battery thermal runaway and online internal short-circuit detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(3): 2452-2455.
[8] Wu Jiaming, Chen Zhiqiang.Diagnosis of internal short circuit for lithium ion battery pack under varying temperature[C]// International Electrical and Energy Conference, Beijing, China,2019:1091-1095.
[9] Ma Ruifei, He Jin, Deng Yuelin.Investigation and comparison of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and internal resistance indicators for early-stage internal short circuit detection through battery aging[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 54: 105346.
[10] Feng Xuning, Weng Caihao, Ouyang Minggao, et al.Online internal short circuit detection for a large format lithium ion battery[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 161: 168-180.
[11] Chen Xu, Li Xiangdong, Wang Yi, et al.A Diagnostic method of internal short circuit fault in lithium-ion battery[C]// International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence, Tianjin, China, 2021: 1-5.
[12] 孙丙香,王家驹,苏晓佳,等.基于阶梯波的锂离子电池EIS低频段在线辨识方法研究[J/OL].电工技术学报,2022, 38:1-9.
Sun Bingxiang, Wang Jiaju, Su Xiaojia, et al.Study on online identification method of low frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for lithium-ion battery based on step wave [J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 38: 1-9.
[13] Carthy K M, Gullapalli H, Kennedy T.Real-time internal temperature estimation of commercial Li-ion batteries using online impedance measurements[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 519:230786.
[14] Kong Xiangdong, Plett G L, Trimboli M S, et al.Pseudo-two-dimensional model and impedance diagnosis of micro internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 27: 101085.
[15] Spielbauer M, Berg P, Ringat M, et al.Experimental study of the impedance behavior of 18650 lithium-ion battery cells under deforming mechanical abuse[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2019, 26: 101039.
[16] Lai Xin, Jin Changyong, Yi Wei, et al.Mechanism, modeling, detection, and prevention of the internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries: Recent advances and perspectives[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2021, 35: 470-499.
[17] 严康为, 龙鑫林, 鲁军勇, 等. 高倍率磷酸铁锂电池简化机理建模与放电特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(03): 599-609.
Yan Kangwei, Long Xinlin, Lu Junyong, et al.Simplified mechanism modeling and discharge characteristic analysis of high C-rate LiFePO₄ battery[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(03): 599-609.
[18] Fear C, Juarez-Robles D, Jeevarajan J A, et al.Elucidating copper dissolution phenomenon in Li-ion cells under overdischarge extremes[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2018, 165(9): A1639-A1647.
[19] Guo Rui, Lu Langguang, Ouyang Minggao, et al.Mechanism of the entire overdischarge process and overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 30248.
[20] He Hao, Liu Yadong, Liu Qi, et al.Failure investigation of LiFePO₄ cells in over-dischargeconditions[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2013, 160(6): A793-A804.
[21] Zhang Guangxu, Wei Xuzhe, Tang Xuan, et al.Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2021,141:110790.
[22] Wang Xueyuan, Wei Xuezhe, Zhu Jiangong, et al.A review of modeling, acquisition, and application of lithium-ion battery impedance for onboard battery management[J]. eTransportation,2021,7:100093.
[23] Carthy K M, Gullapalli H, Kennedy T.Online state of health estimation of Li-ion polymer batteries using real time impedance measurements[J]. Applied Energy, 2022, 307:118210.
[24] Srinivasan R, Demirev P A, Carkhuf B G.Rapid monitoring of impedance phase shifts in lithium-ion batteries for hazard prevention[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 405:30-36.
[25] 来鑫, 陈权威, 邓聪, 等. 一种基于电化学阻抗谱的大规模退役锂离子电池的软聚类方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(23): 6054-6064.
Lai Xin, Chen Quanwei, Deng Cong, et al.A soft clustering method for the large-scale retired lithium-ion batteries based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(23): 6054-6064.
[26] 卢恋,任伟新,王世东.基于Kaiser窗的分数阶Fourier变换与时频分析[J/OL].振动工程学报, 2022:1-8.
Lu Lian, Ren Weixin, Wang Shidong.Fractional Fourier transform based Kaiser window and time-frequency analysis [J/OL]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2022:1-8.
[27] Nara H, Yokoshima T, Osaka T.Technology of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for an energy-sustainable society[J]. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2020, 20: 66-77.
[28] 牛凯, 李静如, 李旭晨, 等. 电化学测试技术在锂离子电池中的应用研究[J]. 中国测试, 2020, 46(07): 90-101.
Niu Kai, Li Jingru, Li Xuchen, et al.Research on the applications of electrochemical measurement technologies in lithium-ion batteries[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2020, 46(07): 90-101.
[29] Islam S M R, Park S Y. Precise online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy strategies for Li-ion batteries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, 56(2): 1661-1669.
[30] Zhu J G, Sun Z C, Wei X Z, et al.A new lithium-ion battery internal temperature on-line estimate method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 274:990-1004.
[31] Carthy K M, Gullapalli H, Ryan K M, et al.Electrochemical impedance correlation analysis for the estimation of Li-ion battery state of charge, state of health and internal temperature[J]. Journal of Energy Storage,2022, 50: 104608.
[32] Huang Jun.Diffusion impedance of electroactive materials, electrolytic solutions and porous electrodes: Warburg impedance and beyond[J].Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 281: 170-188.
[33] 袁浩, 戴海峰, 杜润本, 等. 质子交换膜燃料电池电化学阻抗谱弛豫时间分布研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020,56(22): 120-130.
Yuan Hao, Dai Haifeng, Du Runben, et al.Distribution of relaxation times analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectra[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(22):120-130.
[34] Yin Tao, Jia Longzhou, Li Xichao, et al.Effect of high-rate cycle aging and over-discharge onNCM811 (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) batteries[J]. energies, 2022, 15(8): 2862.
[35] 范文杰, 徐广昊, 余泊宁, 等. 基于电化学阻抗谱的锂离子电池内部温度在线估计方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(09): 3283-3293.
Fan Wenjie, Xu Guanghao, Yu Boning, et al.On-line estimation method for internal temperature of lithium-ion battery based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(09): 3283-3293.
[36] 袁翔,张毅. 动力锂电池阻抗特性的分析与验证[J].汽车工程学报, 2014, 4(6): 447-454.
Yuan Xiang, Zhang Yi.Analysis and verification of the power lithium battery impedance characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2014,4(06):447-454.
[37] Kong Xiangdong, Zheng Yuejiu, Ouyang Minggao, et al.Fault diagnosis and quantitative analysis of micro-short circuits for lithium ion batteries in battery packs[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 395: 358-368.
[38] 董明, 范文杰, 刘王泽宇, 等. 基于特征频率阻抗的锂离子电池健康状态评估[J].中国电机工程学报, 2022,42(24): 9094-9105.
Dong Ming, Fan Wenjie, Liu Wangzeyu, et al.Health assessment of lithium-ion battery based on characteristic frequency impedance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(24): 9094-9105.
[39] Guo Jia, Li Yaqi, Meng Jinhao, et al.Understanding the mechanism of capacity increase during early cycling of commercial NMC/graphite lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2022, 74: 34-44.
[40] Lai Xin, Zheng Yuejiu, Zhou Long et al. Electrical behavior of overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 278: 245-254.
[41] Tahmasbi AA, Eikerling MH.Statistical physics-based model of mechanical degradation in lithium ion batteries[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 283: 75-87.