电工技术学报  2025, Vol. 40 Issue (1): 285-299    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231981
高电压与放电 |
一种基于极化电流和脱陷电流的发电机定子线棒主绝缘劣化表征方法
王思宇1, 周凯1, 朱光亚1, 杨帅2, 张跃2
1.四川大学电气工程学院 成都 610065;
2.东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 德阳 618000
A Characterization Method for Main Insulation Degradation of Generator Stator Bars Based on Polarization Current and De-Trapping Current
Wang Siyu1, Zhou Kai1, Zhu Guangya1, Yang Shuai2, Zhang Yue2
1. College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China;
2. Dongfang Electric Machinery Co. Ltd Dongfang Electric Group Deyang 618000 China
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摘要 大型发电机定子线棒主绝缘在运行过程中会不可避免地受到热应力的作用,其内部的环氧树脂会发生后固化和劣化等过程。劣化会降低主绝缘体系的绝缘性能,从而影响整个发电机组的安全稳定运行。该文采用一种基于极化电流和脱陷电流的陷阱电荷密度和陷阱深度检测方法来评估绝缘的后固化和劣化状态,该方法能够表征热应力作用下的发电机主绝缘劣化状态和劣化机理。首先制备环氧-云母薄片样本,分析脱陷电流提取方法,明确了利用脱陷电流表征陷阱电荷密度和陷阱深度的相关理论,采用针-板电极对样本进行陷阱电荷的注入,讨论并确定了脱陷电流测试过程中采用极化-去极化电流(PDC)法测试电场强度、电荷注入时间和电荷注入电压;其次,对热老化的样本进行脱陷电流的测试,通过陷阱电荷密度和陷阱深度的演变过程,明确了热老化初期绝缘后固化和热老化后期绝缘劣化的机理;最后,进行击穿场强测试、差示扫描量热(DSC)测试和局部放电测试,进一步佐证了通过脱陷电流表征环氧-云母绝缘劣化状况的结论,证明了通过脱陷电流来表征环氧-云母劣化程度的可行性。
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王思宇
周凯
朱光亚
杨帅
张跃
关键词 极化电流脱陷电流环氧-云母绝缘陷阱电荷密度陷阱深度缺陷    
Abstract:The main insulation of large generator stator bars is inevitably subjected to thermal stress during operation. The internal epoxy resin will undergo physical phenomena such as post-curing and degradation. Degradation will directly reduce the dielectric performance of the entire main insulation system, thereby affecting the safe and stable operation of the entire generator set. The existing research mainly focused on the dielectric response method. The evaluations of the insulation performance of stator bars are mainly from a macro perspective They cannot delve into the micro field. A trap charge density and trap depth detection method was adopted to evaluate the post-curing and degradation status of the insulation. The method was based on polarization current and de-trapping current. This method can characterize the degradation state and mechanism of generator main insulation under thermal stress.
The samples of epoxy-mica flakes were prepared. The extraction method of the de-trapping current was analyzed. The related theory of characterizing the trap charge density and trap depth with the de-trapping current was defined. The samples were injected with trapped charge using a needle plate electrode. The influence of the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) method testing field strength, charge injection time, and charge injection voltage on the de-trapping current were discussed. The low polarization field strength could make it difficult for trap charges to de-trap. The higher polarization field strength might introduce space charge limiting current. It may affect the de-trapping current. The increase in injection time leads to an increase in trapping charge. Traps with depth between deep and shallow traps trap more charge. The equivalent trap depth was shifting in a moderate direction. The low injection voltage could make it difficult to inject charges, while the high voltage could cause charges to accumulate in deep traps. The higher voltage might damage the sample. Finally, it was determined that the polarization field strength was 4 kV/mm, the charge injection time was 15 minutes, and the injection voltage was 10 kV.
Subsequently, the samples were subjected to thermal aging at 135℃ for 0 d, 5 d, 10 d, 20 d, and 30 d. Then the aged samples were subjected to de-trapping current testing. Through the evolution process of trap charge density and trap depth, the mechanisms of insulation post-curing in the early stage of thermal aging and insulation degradation in the later stage of thermal aging were clarified. Finally, the breakdown field strength test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test, and partial discharge test were carried out. The overall dielectric strength change rule, molecular chain defect evolution mechanism, and air gap defect evolution mechanism during the post-curing and degradation process of insulation were characterized. The evolution of exothermic and endothermic peaks existed in DSC testing. The post-curing and degradation processes of the epoxy resin molecular chains inside the main insulation were clarified. The evolution law of the size of the internal air gap and the degree of air gap accumulation at the interface of the main insulation were clarified through partial discharge testing.
The feasibility of characterizing the degree of degradation of epoxy-mica through de-trapping current was proved in this article.
Key wordsPolarization current    de-trapping current    epoxy-mica insulation    trap charge density    trap depth    defect   
收稿日期: 2023-11-27     
PACS: TM31  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52277156, 52107160)
通讯作者: 朱光亚 女,1989年生,副教授,研究方向为电气设备绝缘状态监测与故障诊断,电缆和发电机绝缘老化、诊断,新型电工材料等。E-mail:miyazhu_1989@126.com   
作者简介: 王思宇 男,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为发电机、电缆绝缘状态评估和老化机理分析。E-mail:wangsiyu5076@163.com
引用本文:   
王思宇, 周凯, 朱光亚, 杨帅, 张跃. 一种基于极化电流和脱陷电流的发电机定子线棒主绝缘劣化表征方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 285-299. Wang Siyu, Zhou Kai, Zhu Guangya, Yang Shuai, Zhang Yue. A Characterization Method for Main Insulation Degradation of Generator Stator Bars Based on Polarization Current and De-Trapping Current. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(1): 285-299.
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