Mix-Frequency SH Guided Wave Corrosion Defects Detection Method for High Voltage Transmission Tower Grounding Electrode
Peng Lisha1, Sun Hongyu2, Li Shisong1, Wang Shen1, Huang Songling1,3
1. Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China; 2. School of Physical Science and Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 10044 China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Beijing 100084 China
Abstract：High-voltage transmission towers play a crucial role in the electrical power system as power transmission hubs. The transmission towers support long-distance transmission lines and serve as essential pathways for conducting abnormal currents, along with grounding devices. These towers are vital for ensuring power lines'safe and stable operation. However, the grounding electrodes of transmission towers are prone to corrosion and fracture due to imbalanced soil acidity, microbiological corrosion, and other environmental factors, which threaten the power system's safe operation. Therefore, research on detection methods for corrosion defects in the grounding electrodes of high-voltage transmission towers is necessary. However, since the grounding electrode devices of high-voltage transmission towers are typically buried underground, direct observation of the overall state of corrosion damage is not feasible. Excavation-based detection methods are labor-intensive and have low efficiency. Consequently, non-excavation-based fault diagnosis methods for grounding electrodes are essential. Ultrasonic-guided wave testing is a non-destructive method employing single-ended excitation and reception for long-distance detection and diagnosis, which is suitable for detecting corrosion defects in metal specimens like grounding electrodes that are buried underground. This method enables quick detection and localization of defects over a considerable distance. It eliminates the need for complete excavation of the grounding device, is almost immune to external electromagnetic signal interference, and can accurately identify and even quantify corrosion defects in the grounding electrode. However, electromagnetic ultrasonic-guided waves at a single frequency have limitations in detecting corrosion defects in grounding electrodes. Low-frequency guided waves propagate over long distances with minimal attenuation but lack sensitivity in detecting microdefects. On the other hand, high-frequency guided waves exhibit high sensitivity to microdefects but suffer from significant attenuation and weak echo signals during long-distance detection. Based on variable-spacing permanent magnet arrays, this paper proposes a mixed-frequency SH-guided wave testing method for detecting corrosion defects in high-voltage transmission tower grounding electrodes. An electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave transducer (EMAT) structure is designed with a variable-spacing permanent magnet array. The mixed-frequency SH-guided wave transducer includes three groups of periodic permanent magnet arrays with different spacings. A runway-shaped coil is positioned beneath, creating low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency guided wave excitation zones sequentially concerning the tested grounding electrode specimen. This setup enables the simultaneous excitation of low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency SH-guided waves. The mixed-frequency guided wave echoes from the corrosion defect in the grounding electrode are further processed to adaptively identify defects at different distances and sizes. This method and the traditional single-frequency SH-guided wave testing approach are compared, demonstrating superior detection sensitivity and improved performance in detecting long-distance and microdefects. Overall, the mixed-frequency SH-guided wave testing method presents a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of corrosion defect detection in high-voltage transmission tower grounding electrodes.
彭丽莎, 孙洪宇, 李世松, 王珅, 黄松岭. 高压输电杆塔接地极腐蚀缺陷混频SH导测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(2): 376-386.
Peng Lisha, Sun Hongyu, Li Shisong, Wang Shen, Huang Songling. Mix-Frequency SH Guided Wave Corrosion Defects Detection Method for High Voltage Transmission Tower Grounding Electrode. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(2): 376-386.
[1] 董晓虎, 姚其新, 侯新文, 等. 直流接地极安全运行状态检测及综合评估[J]. 自动化应用, 2021(1): 90-92. Dong Xiaohu, Yao Qixin, Hou Xinwen, et al.Detection and comprehensive evaluation of the safe operation state of DC grounding electrodes[J]. Auto- mation Application, 2021(1): 90-92. [2] 钟逸涵, 邓丰, 史鸿飞, 等. 基于动态电阻串联的高阻接地故障精确建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(7): 2046-2059. Zhong Yihan, Deng Feng, Shi Hongfei, et al.Accurate modeling of high impedance fault based on dynamic impedance series connection[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(7): 2046-2059. [3] 刘国华. 线路特殊区域杆塔跨步电压及接触电压的测试及研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2009. Liu Guohua.Test and research on step voltage and contact voltage of tower in special area of line[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2009. [4] Grcev L, Dawalibi F.An electromagnetic model for transients in grounding systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(4): 1773-1781. [5] 张维哲, 张承乾, 刘建生, 等. 基于弹性范数的接地网电阻抗成像算法[J/OL]. 电工技术学报, 2024: 1-13 [2024-05-13]. Zhang Weizhe, Zhang Chengqian, Liu Jiansheng, et al. Grounding grid electrical impedance tomography algorithm based on elastic norn[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024: 1-13 [2024- 05-13]. [6] 李星, 杨帆, 余晓, 等. 基于内源式电阻抗成像的接地网缺陷诊断逆问题研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(5): 902-909. Li Xing, Yang Fan, Yu Xiao, et al.Research on the inverse problem of grounding grid fault diagnosis based on inner-source EIT[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(5): 902-909. [7] 闫孝姮, 林晓雪, 吕秋皓, 等. 基于Homotopy- Tikhonov算法的接地网电阻抗成像方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(9): 2284-2294. Yan Xiaoheng, Lin Xiaoxue, Lü Qiuhao, et al.Grounding grid electrical impedance tomography based on homotopy-Tikhonov algorithm[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(9): 2284-2294. [8] Dawalibi F.Electromagnetic fields generated by overhead and buried short conductors part 1-single conductor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1986, 1(4): 105-111. [9] Dawalibi F, Barbeito N.Measurements and com- putations of the performance of grounding systems buried in multilayer soils[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1483-1490. [10] Zhang Bo, Zhao Zhibin, Cui Xiang, et al.Diagnosis of breaks in substation’s grounding grid by using the electromagnetic method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002, 38(2): 473-476. [11] 刘洋, 崔翔, 赵志斌, 等. 变电站接地网腐蚀诊断磁场检测系统的设计与应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(1): 176-182. Liu Yang, Cui Xiang, Zhao Zhibin, et al.Design and application of testing magnetic field system for corrosion diagnosis of grounding grids in substation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(1): 176-182. [12] 付志红, 余慈拱, 侯兴哲, 等. 瞬变电磁法视电阻率成像的接地网断点诊断方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(9): 253-259. Fu Zhihong, Yu Cigong, Hou Xingzhe, et al.Transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity imaging for break point diagnosis of grounding grids[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(9): 253-259. [13] 秦善强, 付志红, 朱学贵, 等. 遗传神经网络的瞬变电磁视电阻率求解算法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(12): 146-154, 250. Qin Shanqiang, Fu Zhihong, Zhu Xuegui, et al.Genetic neural network for apparent resistivity solution of transient electromagnetic[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(12): 146-154, 250. [14] 曾嵘, 何金良, 高延庆, 等. 分层土壤结构变电站接地阻抗测试信号的处理[J]. 电工技术学报, 2000, 15(5): 69-74. Zeng Rong, He Jinliang, Gao Yanqing, et al.Measuring signal processing of grounding impedance of substation with layered soil structure[J]. Transa- ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2000, 15(5): 69-74. [15] He Jinliang, Zeng Rong, Gao Yanqing, et al.Seasonal influences on safety of substation grounding system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, 18(3): 788-795. [16] 刘渝根, 滕永禧, 陈先禄, 等. 接地网腐蚀的诊断方法研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2004, 30(6): 19-21. Liu Yugen, Teng Yongxi, Chen Xianlu, et al.A method for corrosion diagnosis of grounding grid[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2004, 30(6): 19-21. [17] 滕永禧. 接地网腐蚀诊断方法研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2004. Teng Yongxi.Study on corrosion diagnosis method of grounding grid[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2004. [18] 邓夙, 方定展, 田相鹏, 等. 基于钳表法的杆塔接地电阻测量系统设计[J]. 电子制作, 2023, 31(1): 19-21. Deng Su, Fang Dingzhan, Tian Xiangpeng, et al.Design of tower grounding resistance measurement system based on clamp table method[J]. Practical Electronics, 2023, 31(1): 19-21. [19] 唐娟. 接地网激发极化腐蚀检测及状态评估方法研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2020. Tang Juan.Study on detection and condition evalu- ation method of induced polarization corrosion of grounding grid[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2020. [20] 蒋清乐, 卢继平, 孙涛, 等. 基于GPR偏移成像处理的杆塔接地体缺陷检测[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47(1): 322-330. Jiang Qingle, Lu Jiping, Sun Tao, et al.Defect detection of pole tower grounding body based on GPR offset imaging[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2021, 47(1): 322-330. [21] 赵智忠, 王业康, 李艳红, 等. 基于多物理场的接地体腐蚀状态检测方法[J]. 高压电器, 2020, 56(5): 62-68. Zhao Zhizhong, Wang Yekang, Li Yanhong, et al.Multi-physics-based detection method of grounding body corrosion state[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2020, 56(5): 62-68. [22] 蒋清乐. 探地雷达偏移成像下的杆塔接地体缺陷检测研究[D]. 重庆大学, 2021. Jiang Qingle.Research on defect detection of tower grounding body under ground penetrating radar migration imaging[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2021. [23] 钟茜. 电力系统扁钢超声导波无损评价方法研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2012. Zhong Qian.Study on nondestructive evaluation method of ultrasonic guided wave for flat steel in power system[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2012. [24] 刘伟. 接地网圆钢磁致伸缩导波检测技术研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2013. Liu Wei.Research on magnetostrictive guided wave detection technology for grounding grid round steel[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2013. [25] 黄志都, 黄续荣, 李明贵. 基于超声导波的接地网腐蚀检测仿真试验[J]. 广西电力, 2015, 38(3): 6-9, 15. Huang Zhidu, Huang Xurong, Li Minggui.Simulation experiment of grounding grid corrosion detection based on ultrasonic guided wave[J]. Guangxi Electric Power, 2015, 38(3): 6-9, 15. [26] Ye Kuan, Zhou Kai, Ren Zhigang, et al.Ultrasonic unilateral double-position excitation lamb wave defect detection and quantification method for ground electrode of transmission tower[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2022, 68(1): 29-43. [27] 张睿哲, 周恺, 任志刚, 等. 输电杆塔接地扁钢SH导波腐蚀缺陷检测方法研究[J]. 中国测试, 2021, 47(8): 51-57. Zhang Ruizhe, Zhou Kai, Ren Zhigang, et al.Research on detection method of SH guided wave corrosion defects in grounding flat steel of trans- mission tower[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2021, 47(8): 51-57. [28] 郑阳, 何存富, 吴斌. Chirp信号及其在超声导波检测中的应用[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2013, 34(3): 552-558. Zheng Yang, He Cunfu, Wu Bin.Chirp signal and its application in ultrasonic guided wave inspection[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013, 34(3): 552-558. [29] 孙灵芳, 张颖, 吴春迎, 等. 基于Chirp激励的管道污垢超声导波检测频率优化选择研究[J]. 机械强度, 2019, 41(3): 594-599. Sun Lingfang, Zhang Ying, Wu Chunying, et al.Research on optimal selection of uitrasonic guided wave detection frequency in dirt pipes based on Chirp excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2019, 41(3): 594-599. [30] Sun Hongyu, Peng Lisha, Lin Junming, et al.Microcrack defect quantification using a focusing high-order SH guided wave EMAT: the physics- informed deep neural network GuwNet[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2022, 18(5): 3235-3247. [31] Huang Songling, Sun Hongyu, Wang Shen, et al.SSWT and VMD linked mode identification and time-of-flight extraction of denoised SH guided waves[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021, 21(13): 14709-14717.
2025, Vol. 40 
