基于电气特性-物理参数耦合的交流电弧炉模型

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230034

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摘要现有电弧炉模型主要关注电弧内部与外部特性的联系,割裂了电弧内部微观下电气与物理的耦合影响,难以体现电弧的电热物理本质,导致仿真精度有所欠缺。针对上述问题,该文提出一种改进的新型交流电弧炉模型。首先,在电子连续性方程的基础上,构建电弧的电气特性模型;其次,根据弧柱磁压缩力平衡方程和瞬时能量平衡方程分别构建电弧的压强、温度等物理参数模型,推导得到电弧内部的电气特性与物理参数之间的耦合机理,得到两者的耦合模型;然后,基于电弧炉变压器二次侧额定电流和最大电弧温度之间的关系,利用麻雀搜索算法对电弧温度曲线进行辨识,确定物理模型的各个参数;最后,依据50 t、55 t炼钢交流电弧炉的现场实测数据,在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建模型并验证模型的正确性。仿真结果表明,所提模型更符合交流电弧炉实际运行过程中的物理本质,能更精确地反映其谐波、电压波动特性。

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	徐云聪
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关键词 ：交流电弧炉, 电弧温度, 麻雀算法, 电气特性, 物理参数

Abstract：Accurate modeling of electric arc furnaces (EAF) is important for studying the impacton power quality of EAF and developing relevant management measures in the power grid. However, the existing research mainly treats the electric arc as a nonlinear electrical component, neglecting the coupling of electric and physical parameters in the electric arc. Thus, reflecting the electro thermal physical nature of the arc is challenging, resulting in a deficiency in simulation accuracy.
This paper proposes an improved AC arc furnace model. The voltage and current of the arc are defined as electrical characteristics, while the temperature and pressure that characterize the arc state are defined as physical parameters. The coupling mechanism between the electrical and physical parameters is determined based on the electronic continuity equation, Ohm's Law, the magnetic compression force balance equation, and the instantaneous energy balance equation. A general model is constructed that reflects harmonics and voltage fluctuations of AC electric arc furnaces more accurately. Its mathematical expressions are given as follows:
$ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \frac{\mathrm{d} n_{\mathrm{e}}}{\mathrm{d} t} \cong \frac{A p}{e}|i F(L)| \exp \left(-\frac{B^{\prime} p e n_{\mathrm{e}} \mu_{\mathrm{e}}}{|i F(L)|}\right)-\frac{7.896 \times 10^{-5} n_{\mathrm{e}}^{2}}{T} \\ u=\int_{0}^{L} E \mathrm{~d} z=\frac{i L F(L)}{e \mu_{\mathrm{e}} n_{\mathrm{e}}} \end{array}\right.$ (A.1)
$ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial T}{\partial t}=\frac{[i F(L)]^{2}}{\rho c e n_{\mathrm{e}} \mu_{\mathrm{e}}} b-b_{1} \frac{p}{\rho c T} \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{E_{\mathrm{m}}}{b_{2} k T}} \\ p=[i F(L)]^{2} \mu_{0} \frac{r^{2}}{4}+p_{0} \end{array}\right.$ (A.2)
For the unknown parameters in the models: A, B’, r_c; and L₀can be estimated and determined through mechanistic analysis; b, b₁, and b₂ can be identified using arc furnace transformer parameters and existing arc temperature-related research to construct an arc temperature curve. The data amount is reduced, making it more practical for engineering applications.
Measured data from two steel mills’ 50t and 55t electric arc furnaces are used to verify the model. The results indicate that the simulated AC arc temperature varies with the arc current, exhibiting an alternating characteristic and a double-frequency relationship. The thermal inertia of the arc induces a lad in the peak temperature relative to the peak current. The pressure in the arc column fluctuates around atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, considering the arc’s electrical-physical coupling characteristics, the simulation accuracy of the electrical characteristics, such as harmonic voltage, harmonic current, and voltage fluctuations, has been further improved compared to existing methods.

Key words： AC electric arc furnace arc temperature sparrow search algorithm electrical characteristic physical parameters

收稿日期: 2023-01-09

PACS:

TF748.41

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51777035）

通讯作者: 张逸男,1984年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为电能质量、主动配电网以及电力数据分析等。E-mail: zhangyi@fzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 徐云聪男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电能质量分析。E-mail: 1360397798@qq.com

引用本文:

徐云聪, 张逸, 林才华, 刘必杰. 基于电气特性-物理参数耦合的交流电弧炉模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(6): 1643-1655. Xu Yuncong, Zhang Yi, Lin Caihua, Liu Bijie. AC Arc Furnace Model Based on Coupling of Electrical and Physical Parameters. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(6): 1643-1655.

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