电工技术学报  2024, Vol. 39 Issue (1): 267-277    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221859
高电压与放电 |
高空电磁脉冲晚期成分作用下500 kV变压器无功损耗仿真研究
杨一帆1, 刘民周1, 谢彦召1, 陈宇浩1, 田爽2
1.电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学) 西安 710049;
2.西安热工研究院有限公司 西安 710054
Simulation Research on Reactive Power Loss Characteristic of 500 kV Transformer under Late-Time High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulses
Yang Yifan1, Liu Minzhou1, Xie Yanzhao1, Chen Yuhao1, Tian Shuang2
1. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China;
2. Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd Xi'an 710054 China
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摘要 高空电磁脉冲晚期成分(HEMP E3)效应会在变压器中性点与大地构成的回路中产生地磁感应电流(GIC),严重时会使变压器铁心半波饱和,进而导致励磁电流严重畸变、无功损耗急剧增加、局部过热和振动加剧等后果。为准确地分析电力变压器在HEMP E3作用下的无功损耗特性,该文搭建了HEMP E3对500 kV电力变压器作用的电磁暂态仿真模型,基于IEC 61000-2-9给出的标准HEMP E3波形,定量分析了感应电场幅值、上升时间、下降时间以及变压器带负载情况等对电力变压器的影响规律。分析结果表明,HEMP E3 作用下500 kV变压器无功损耗与GIC呈正相关性,且无功损耗波形滞后于感应电场的变化;HEMP E3感应电场的下降时间对500 kV变压器无功损耗的影响远超上升时间;负载阻抗的阻值相同时,容性负载下的励磁电流和无功损耗幅值最大,感性负载下幅值最小。研究结果可为进一步评估HEMP E3对电力系统稳定性的影响提供重要依据。
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杨一帆
刘民周
谢彦召
陈宇浩
田爽
关键词 变压器地磁感应电流高空电磁脉冲晚期成分无功损耗    
Abstract:The effect of late-time high-altitude electromagnetic pulses (HEMP E3) can generate geomagnetic induced currents in the circuit between the earth and neutral points of transformers. In serious cases, it may make the transformer core half-cycle saturated, resulting in serious consequences, like distortion of excitation current, increase of reactive power loss, hot-spot heating and vibration. However, the existing literature usually adopted the results under steady-state direct current for E3 impact assessment, and the dynamic characteristics of transformer under E3 waveform were not fully considered. In order to analyze the influence of E3 characteristics, such as high magnitude and short duration, this paper builds an electromagnetic transient model of a 500 kV transformer. Based on IEC 61000-2-9 standard, this paper quantitatively analyzes the resulting variation of excitation current and reactive power loss of the Wye-Delta-connection transformer under HEMP E3, considering the amplitude, rising time, falling time of the induced geoelectric field, as well as transformer load type and other factors.
The actual HEMP E3 induced electric fields are affected by the non-uniform earth conductivity and coast effect, and the waveform may change considerably. Thus, this paper calculates the E3 induced electric field under the uniform earth model and the 1D layered conductivity model. The results show that for the realistic earth conductivity models, the induced geoelectric fields change not only in amplitude but also in waveform. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of peak value, rise time and fall time of E3 induced electric field on reactive power loss of 500 kV transformer. To analyze the influence of the electric field amplitude, this paper selects 0.5 times, 1 time, 2 times, 5 times and 10 times of the IEC standard waveform, which are imposed on the 100 km transmission line respectively. The results show that as the amplitude of E3 electric field increases, the reactive power loss will be larger. It is worth noticing that there exists an upper limit of reactive power loss under HEMP E3, which depends on the air core inductance when the transformer is deeply saturated. For the rise time and fall time, this paper focuses on the first wave peak of HEMP E3. The results shows that when the fall time of induced electric field decreases by 80.8%, the fall time of reactive power loss decreases by 80.3% and the amplitude decreases by 20.3%; whereas when the rise time of induced electric field decreases by 83.1%, the rise time of reactive power loss decreases by 44.3%, and the amplitude increases by 7.3%. Therefore, the falling time of HEMP E3 has far more influence on the reactive power loss of the transformer than the rising time.
In order to analyze the influence of load types on the transformer under HEMP E3, three types with the same impedance value, namely, resistance, inductance and capacitance are applied to the low-voltage side. The results show that when HEMP E3 electric field is applied, the excitation current and reactive power loss of the transformer are distorted to different levels with different load types. Because of the different phase angle of load impedance, the amplitude of reactive power loss is the largest with capacitive load and the smallest with inductive load.
Besides reactive power loss characteristics studied above, HEMP E3 may lead transformer to harmonic distortion, hot-spot heating and vibration, which will be further investigated in future work.
Key wordsTransformer    geomagnetically induced current    late-time high-altitude electromagnetic pulses    reactive power loss   
收稿日期: 2022-09-30     
PACS: TM41  
基金资助:华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H49)、国家留学基金委奖学金(202006280077)和中国科协优秀中外青年交流计划资助
通讯作者: 谢彦召 男,1973年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电磁兼容、电力系统电磁暂态以及高功率电磁学。E-mail:yzxie@mail.xjtu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 杨一帆 女,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电磁兼容和地磁扰动。E-mail:yangyf@stu.xjtu.edu.cn
引用本文:   
杨一帆, 刘民周, 谢彦召, 陈宇浩, 田爽. 高空电磁脉冲晚期成分作用下500 kV变压器无功损耗仿真研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(1): 267-277. Yang Yifan, Liu Minzhou, Xie Yanzhao, Chen Yuhao, Tian Shuang. Simulation Research on Reactive Power Loss Characteristic of 500 kV Transformer under Late-Time High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulses. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(1): 267-277.
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