基于移相和调频的单级双向AC-DC变换器临界电流调制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221020

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摘要传统双有源桥单级AC-DC变换器的移相调制难以实现全范围软开关,开关管损耗大,效率难以进一步提高。针对此问题,该文提出一种基于临界电流模式（BCM）的调制策略,将移相和调频相结合,实现所有开关管的零电压开通,从而有效地降低了开通损耗。该文分析单级式双向AC-DC变换器的临界电流调制基本原理和软开关实现条件,并推导出软开关条件下的移相和频率数学表达式。搭建DC 48 V、AC 220 V、500 W实验样机,最高效率达到94 %,通过实验验证该调制策略的有效性和正确性。

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关键词 ：移相控制, 变频运行, AC-DC变换器, 功率因数校正, 零电压软开关

Abstract：In optical storage, DC microgrids, and V2G (vehicle-to-grid) systems, isolated bidirectional AC/DC converters are important power conversion components whose performance specifications directly affect the performance and rollout of microgrid and V2G systems. The single-stage topology combines an AC-DC converter with power factor correction and an isolated DC-DC converter offering fewer switching devices, resulting in higher efficiency and lower cost. The single-stage topology based on the dual active bridge (DAB) is widely used due to its modularity and symmetrical structure. However, the traditional dual active bridge single-stage AC-DC converter usually adopts phase shift modulation, which has the difficulty of full range soft switching and high switching losses. Therefore, this paper proposes a modulation strategy based on boundary current mode (BCM), combining single-phase-shift and variable frequency to achieve ZVS, effectively reducing turn-on losses and improving converter efficiency.
Firstly, based on the conventional boundary current mode, the reset current is set to a negative value to achieve ZVS with a slight increase in conduction losses. Secondly, according to the inclusion of the reset current, it is difficult to rely on the phase shift duty ratio as a controlled quantity alone to achieve power factor correction on the AC side. Thus, the frequency control quantity is introduced based on the single phase shift control. Thirdly, the mathematical expressions for switching frequency and phase shift duty ratio in this modulation strategy are derived from the set value of the reset current I_B and the power factor correction conditions. The implementation of the modulation and the corresponding control block diagram are also given. Finally, the effect of the reset current on the converter performance is analyzed in terms of the switching frequency range, the RMS value of the inductor current, and the switch-off current to determine the value of the reset current I_B, and the soft switching range for a given reset current is analyzed. The modulation strategy combines single-phase shift and frequency modulation to realize soft switching and effectively improve the conversion efficiency.
In order to verify the feasibility of the modulation strategy, a DC 48 V AC 220 V 500 W experimental prototype was built. The converter with this modulation strategy can operate steadily in rectifier and inverter conditions. The system enables smooth switching between rectifier-inverter operations by changing the phase relationship when the AC voltage crosses zero. The soft switching of the AC and DC side at different phases of the line frequency is observed. It is verified that the modulation strategy can achieve ZVS in the full range. The efficiency of the converter under different load conditions was measured, and the highest efficiency reached 94 %. The THD of the AC side current in grid-connected mode was measured, and the THD above half load was below 5 %, suitable for the field of small and medium power bi-directional converters.

Key words： Phase shift control variable frequency AC-DC converter power factor correction (PFC) zero voltage switching (ZVS)

收稿日期: 2022-06-02

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51977106）

通讯作者: 胡海兵男,1973年生,博士生导师,教授,研究方向为电能质量治理、多电平变换器控制和谐振变换器等。E-mail: huhaibing@nuaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 王章毅男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为变换器软开关技术。E-mail: wzy13698033314@nuaa.edu.cn

引用本文:

王章毅, 陆道荣, 李想, 郎天辰, 胡海兵. 基于移相和调频的单级双向AC-DC变换器临界电流调制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(14): 3888-3897. Wang Zhangyi, Lu Daorong, Li Xiang, Lang Tianchen, Hu Haibing. Boundary Current Modulation Strategy of Single-Stage Bidirectional AC-DC Converter Based on Phase-Shift and Variable-Frequency Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(14): 3888-3897.

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