火箭引雷至架空线路与地面近距离磁场对比分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221749

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (436 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

2019年夏季在广东开展了引雷至架空线路和引雷至地面两种工况下的人工引雷试验。分别对两种不同试验工况雷电产生的不同距离磁场波形数据进行测量。分析了不同距离的总磁感应强度峰值、先导磁感应强度峰值、回击磁感应强度峰值、10%~90%上升时间和半宽时间等磁场波形参数,对比了两种引雷情况下不同距离回击磁场波形参数的差异。结果表明,引雷至线路情况下磁场幅值更低,约低12%,引雷至线路情况下磁场10%~90%上升时间和半宽时间更大,分别高出约60%和70%。总磁感应强度峰值随着距离的增大呈幂函数衰减,引雷至地面情况下总磁感应强度峰值衰减得更快。回击磁感应强度峰值同样呈现出相似的规律,而先导磁感应强度峰值与距离之间不存在明显单调变化的关系。两种引雷情况下,不同距离的总磁感应强度峰值与回击电流峰值之间均存在线性关系。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	蔡力
	杜懿阳
	胡强
	周蜜
	王建国

关键词 ：火箭引雷, 回击, 架空线路, 磁场, 回击电流

Abstract：

Lightning has the discharge characteristics of high-current, fast-changing, which is the main cause of tripping of power transmission lines. Rocket-triggered lightning experiments are an important way to study lightning, to test the reasonableness of the return stroke model of cloud-to-ground lightning, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the lightning location system. However, most rocket-triggered lightning experiments involve lightning that strikes the ground directly. Related studies have shown that the properties of the struck object affect the parameters of lightning. Overhead lines are an important part of power networks and one of the most important targets for lightning strikes. It is necessary to study the interaction of lightning with overhead lines. In this paper, we will analyze the characteristics of the close magnetic field parameters of rocket-triggered lightning in the case of lightning to the ground and lightning to the overhead lines, compare whether there are differences, and analyze the relationship between magnetic field parameters and the measured distance.
Rocket-triggered lightning experiments were conducted in Guangdong, China, in the summer of 2019. There are two types of lightning strikes, one for triggering lightning to 10 kV overhead lines and one for triggering lightning to the ground. Lightning currents were measured using a coaxial shunt with a resistance value of 1 mΩ. Three observation points were set up, and magnetic field waveform data generated by lightning at close range were measured using magnetic rods with several turns of coils wound around them as magnetic field sensors. The distances from the three observation points to the lightning channel from the lightning to the ground are 58 m, 90 m and 1 600 m respectively, and the distances to the lightning channel from the lightning to the line are 18 m, 130 m and 1 550 m respectively.
Five parameters of the return stroke magnetic field waveform were defined, namely, the total magnetic field peak, the leader magnetic field peak, the return stroke magnetic field peak, the 10%~90% rise time, and the half-width time. Most of the magnetic field parameters show a significant log-normal distribution. The two conditions of lightning were compared and analyzed. In the case of lightning to the overhead line, the magnetic field amplitude is lower, about 12% lower. When the lightning strikes the overhead line, the 10%~90% rise time and half-width time of the magnetic field are larger, about 60% and 70% larger, respectively. The difference in the magnetic field waveforms between the two cases may be related to the difference in current rise times in two cases. The total peak magnetic field decays as a power function of distance and decays more rapidly in the case of lightning to the ground. While there is no significant relationship between the leader magnetic field peak and distance. There is a linear relationship between the total magnetic field peak and the current peak at different distances for both two cases. The linear fit at 18~130 m is better than that at 1 550 m and 1 600 m, due to the fact that the close magnetic field is mainly affected only by the induced field component, while the radiation field component at 1 550 m and 1 600 m is not negligible.

Key words： Rocket triggered lightning return stroke overhead line magnetic field return stroke current

收稿日期: 2022-09-14

PACS:

TM863

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177154）

通讯作者: 周蜜男,1986年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电物理、雷电防护与接地技术,高电压测试技术。E-mail：zhoumi927@whu.edu.cn

作者简介: 蔡力男,1987年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为雷电物理、雷电探测、雷电防护与接地技术。E-mail：cail@whu.edu.cn

引用本文:

蔡力, 杜懿阳, 胡强, 周蜜, 王建国. 火箭引雷至架空线路与地面近距离磁场对比分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 221749-221749. Cai Li, Du Yiyang, Hu Qiang, Zhou Mi, Wang Jianguo. Comparative Analysis of Close Magnetic Field of Rocket-Triggered Lightning Striking the Overhead Line and the Ground. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 221749-221749.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221749 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/221749

[1] He Jinliang, Rakov V, Wang Daohong, et al. Lightning physics and effects[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2013, 129/130: 33.
[2] 周蜜, 丁文汉, 王建国, 等. 闪电连接高度对地面电场波形的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(4): 857-868.
Zhou Mi, Ding Wenhan, Wang Jianguo, et al.Effect of lightning junction height on ground electric field waveform[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(4): 857-868.
[3] 张文锋, 李志伟, 张国建, 等. 山区35kV架空线路雷击特性仿真分析[J]. 电气技术, 2022, 23(9): 19-28.
Zhang Wenfeng, Li Zhiwei, Zhang Guojian, et al.Simulation analysis on lightning strike characteristics of 35kV overhead lines in mountainous area[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2022, 23(9): 19-28.
[4] 王红斌, 程思, 范伟男, 等. 雷暴活动全闪电定位及空间演变过程分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(2): 373-379.
Wang Hongbin, Cheng Si, Fan Weinan, et al.Total lightning location of thunderstorm activities and spatial evolution process analysis[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(2): 373-379.
[5] 周蜜, 苏小玮, 高俊福, 等. 雷电流A分量与C分量对碳纤维复合材料损伤特性差异[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(增刊1): 297-306.
Zhou Mi, Su Xiaowei, Gao Junfu, et al.Differences in damage characteristics of lightning current components A and C to carbon fiber reinforced polymer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(S1): 297-306.
[6] 蔡力, 柯逸丰, 李进, 等. 基于高速摄像观测的风电场雷击风机发展过程和特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊1): 303-310.
Cai Li, Ke Yifeng, Li Jin, et al.Development process and characteristic analysis of the natural lightning strike on wind turbine based on high-speed camera observation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S1): 303-310.
[7] Fieux R P, Gary C H, Hutzler B P, et al. Research on artificiallyu triggered lightning in France[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1978, PAS-97(3): 725-733.
[8] Hubert P, Laroche P, Eybert-Berard A, et al.Triggered lightning in New Mexico[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1984, 89(D2): 2511-2521.
[9] Fisher R J, Schnetzer G H, Thottappillil R, et al.Parameters of triggered-lightning flashes in Florida and Alabama[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1993, 98(D12): 22887-22902.
[10] Newman M M, Stahmann J R, Robb J D, et al.Triggered lightning strokes at very close range[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1967, 72(18): 4761-4764.
[11] Fieux R, Gary C, Hubert P.Artificially triggered lightning above land[J]. Nature, 1975, 257(5523): 212-214.
[12] Horri K.Experiment of artificial lightning triggered with rocket[J]. Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, 1982, 34: 77-112.
[13] 夏雨人, 肖庆复, 吕永振. 人工触发闪电的试验研究[J]. 大气科学, 1979, 3(1): 94-97.
[14] Pinto O, Pinto I R C A, Saba M M F, et al. Return stroke peak current observations of negative natural and triggered lightning in Brazil[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2005, 76(1-4): 493-502.
[15] Liu Xinsheng, Wang Caiwei, Zhang Yijun, et al.Experiment of artificially triggering lightning in China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1994, 99(D5): 10727-10731.
[16] 李俊, 吕伟涛, 张义军, 等. 一次多分叉多接地的空中触发闪电过程[J]. 应用气象学报, 2010, 21(1): 95-100.
Li Jun, Lü Weitao, Zhang Yijun, et al.An altitude-triggered lightning with multiple branches and ground contacts[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2010, 21(1): 95-100.
[17] Yang Jing, Qie Xiushu, Zhang Guangshu, et al.Characteristics of channel base currents and close magnetic fields in triggered flashes in SHATLE[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(D23): D23102.
[18] Zhou Mi, Wang Jianguo, Wang Daohong, et al.Modeling of return strokes with their initiation processes under consideration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(3): 1-4.
[19] Cai Li, Li Jin, Wang Jianguo, et al.Measurement of return stroke current with magnetic sensor in triggered lightning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2021, 63(1): 145-151.
[20] Rakov V A, Uman M A, Rambo K J, et al.New insights into lightning processes gained from triggered-lightning experiments in Florida and Alabama[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1998, 103(D12): 14117-14130.
[21] Uman M A.Correlated time derivatives of current, electric field intensity, and magnetic flux density for triggered lightning at 15 M[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2002, 107(D13): 4160.
[22] Crawford D E.Multiple-station measurements of triggered lightning electric and magnetic fields[D]. Gainesville: University of Florida, 1998.
[23] Schoene J, Uman M A, Rakov V A, et al.Statistical characteristics of the electric and magnetic fields and their time derivatives 15 m and 30 m from triggered lightning[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2003, 108(D6): 4192.
[24] Rakov V A.Transient response of a tall object to lightning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2001, 43(4): 654-661.
[25] Pavanello D, Rachidi F, Janischewskyj W, et al.On the current peak estimates provided by lightning detection networks for lightning return strokes to tall towers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2009, 51(3): 453-458.
[26] Rachidi F, Janischewskyj W, Hussein A M, et al.Current and electromagnetic field associated with lightning-return strokes to tall towers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2001, 43(3): 356-367.
[27] Rakov V A, Uman M A.Lightning: physics and effects[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[28] 陈怀飞, 王宇, 孙通, 等. 风机回击电磁场波形特征及辐射增强效应研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2020, 46(6): 2122-2130.
Chen Huaifei, Wang Yu, Sun Tong, et al.Study on waveform characteristics and radiation enhancement effect of lightning return stroke initiated from wind turbine[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(6): 2122-2130.
[29] Schoene J, Uman M A, Rakov V A, et al.Characterization of return-stroke currents in rocket-triggered lightning[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114(D3): D03106.
[30] 郄秀书, 张其林, 袁铁. 雷电物理学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.