Mechanism Analysis of Commutation Failure Caused by Fault of HVDC Sending End AC System
Zhu Hai1, Hao Liangliang1, He Jinghan1, Guo Zhilin1, Cheng Zhengguang2
1. College of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China; 2. State Grid Corporation of China, Xicheng District, Beijing 100031, China
Abstract：It is generally believed that the commutation failure of high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) is caused by the failure of the receiving-end AC system or the converter valve, but in engineering practice, it is found that the sending-end AC system failure may also cause the commutation failure of the inverter. At present, there are few researches on this kind of commutation failure, and most of them are limited to the amplitude characteristics of the traditional bus voltage, and the research on its electrical coupling and control coordination is still unclear. Firstly, by analyzing the response of the AC/DC system after the sending-side fault occurs, it is pointed out that, different from the general receiving-side AC fault, the commutation failure caused by the sending-side AC fault generally occurs in the recovery stage after the fault is removed. And the magnitude of the bus voltage is not a key factor in such commutation failures. On this basis, the phase characteristics of the bus voltage at the receiving end after the fault is removed are analyzed by using the relationship between the transmission active power and the phase angle of the bus voltage. Based on the phase characteristics, the possible commutation failure risk is obtained. The analysis shows that after the fault is removed , the restoration of the active power transmitted from the sending system to the receiving end will lead to the phase advance of the commutation bus voltage at the receiving end, and the phase advance of the bus voltage will not only make the commutation voltage zero-crossing point earlier, but also it will directly compress the commutation area, reduce the turn-off margin from two aspects, and increase the risk of commutation failure. On the other hand, the phase advance will also cause the actual trigger angle of the inverter to exceed the trigger command value, which is equivalent to delaying triggering of the commutator valve on the inverter side during the recovery process, which also induces commutation failure to a certain extent. In addition, in order to more comprehensively consider other influencing factors of commutation failure, according to the controller response at both ends, this paper further analyzes the changing characteristics of the trigger command and DC current corresponding to the inverter commutation failure process under different fault degrees of the sending-end AC system. The results show that when the AC fault at the sending end is relatively slight and the inverter maintains constant turn-off angle control before and after the fault is removed, the phase shift of the bus voltage at the receiving end and the sudden increase of DC current cause the commutation failure of the inverter. When the fault degree of the sending end deepens and the receiving end inverter switches to constant current control, the phase advance of the bus voltage is often the main reason for the commutation failure. Finally, based on the CIGRE-HVDC simulation model, the correctness of the analysis is verified from the key information such as the turn-off angle, the voltage of the converter valve, and the voltage and current of the AC and DC systems.
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