电工技术学报  2023, Vol. 38 Issue (2): 465-484    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220579
电力电子 |
三相桥式逆变电路电流检测方法综述
申永鹏, 刘迪, 梁伟华, 郭磊磊, 王延峰
郑州轻工业大学电气信息工程学院 郑州 450002
Review of Current Detection Methods for Three-Phase Bridge Inverter Circuits
Shen Yongpeng, Liu Di, Liang Weihua, Guo Leilei, Wang Yanfeng
College of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
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摘要 可靠、精确的电流检测是三相桥式逆变电路控制和保护策略的关键。针对三相桥式逆变电路电流检测问题,该文首先分析霍尔、磁通门和分流器三种电流传感器的工作原理,比较三者检测特性及优缺点。然后从高端电流检测、低端电流检测和复合电流检测三个方面对多电流传感器方法进行的综述分析;从脉宽调制波形调整、电压矢量合成和状态观测三个方面对直流母线单电流传感器电流检测方法进行分析;从中间桥臂耦合、上下桥臂耦合和多支路耦合三个方面对多位置耦合电流检测方法进行分析;从固有误差和采样误差两个方面对电流检测误差的产生机理及解决方法进行分析。最后对三相桥式逆变电路以及相关电力电子电路变换器电流检测方法的发展趋势进行展望。
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申永鹏
刘迪
梁伟华
郭磊磊
王延峰
关键词 电流检测电流传感器直流母线采样多位置耦合检测误差    
Abstract:As a typical power electronics topology, the three-phase bridge inverter circuit is widely used in motor driver, new energy grid-connected inverter, and other power electronic equipment. Current is an important parameter for the control and protection of inverter, how to obtain current information stably and accurately is the key to realize high-performance control of inverter. However, traditional control often overlooks fundamental, complex, and extensible problems caused by current parameters. Over recent years, many problems have been raised around the reliability of current detection and the improvement of accuracy, but most of the problems lack a closed-loop review of problem development. Aiming at these problems, this paper summarizes the related problems of current detection in three-phase bridge inverter, hoping to inspire follow-up research.
First of all, based on the principle analysis, the current sensors that are most widely used are summarized based on operating principle, sampling accuracy, advantages and disadvantages, including Hall current sensors, fluxgate current sensors, and shunts. Different current detection circuits are directly determined from the analysis of sensor installation characteristics and the number of uses, which are mainly divided into multi-sensor detection circuits and single-sensor detection circuits, and specifically including current sensing at the high-side (AC output side) of the load using two or three current sensors; current sensing on the low side using two or three current sensors; current sensing on the DC bus using a single current sensor; multi-position coupling for current sensing using a single Hall/fluxgate current sensor detection (intermediate bridge arm coupling (IBAC), upper-lower bridge arm coupling (ULBAC), and multi-position coupling (MPC)). This paper summarizes and analyzes the different current information, advantages, and disadvantages contained in the detection circuits at different positions.
However, in actual use, reliable and high-precision current sampling is caused by a combination of direct and indirect reasons. The direct reason includes long-term use of the point current sensor, or inaccurate measurement accuracy under harsh conditions. In the comprehensive use of the inverter, under different control algorithm strategies, the source (inherent error) of the current detection error occurs, so the research branch of the indirect cause of improving the current quality through PWM control strategy adjustment is derived. This paper summarizes and analyzes the influence of different control strategies such as the PWM waveform adjustment method, voltage vector synthesis method, and state observation method on the current in the case of a single current sensor, as well as the comparison of advantages and disadvantages.
Finally, this paper comprehensively analyzes the direct and indirect causes of current detection. There are two types of errors in the current sampling process: one is an inherent error due to PWM; the other is sensor sampling error due to factors such as temperature or aging. Both errors are directly introduced into the measured current without correction. The inherent errors caused by PWM are divided into time-sharing errors, non-homogenous errors, and switching errors. The sampling path is composed of a Hall sensor, a conversion circuit, a filter circuit, and an analog-to-digital (A-D) conversion circuit. Affected by device tolerance, temperature drift, aging, noise, etc., drift errors and gain errors will occur in the current sampling path. The two kinds of errors can be corrected by each other, and the suppression and compensation of sampling errors through control strategies is the current mainstream research branch of mutual errors.
In the future, there will still be major challenges in current detection: with the high frequency of power electronics, the research of current sensors with high bandwidth and high response speed is still an important branch; in the face of single current sensor sampling, the current sampling that is affected by multiple factors such as the optimization of the PWM strategy and the signal processing process should be considered comprehensively; for the research on the improvement of current accuracy, attention should be paid to the closed-loop relationship between the sensor itself and the control strategy, and at the same time, new background factors such as electromagnetic interference should be introduced from the foundation to improve the current detection accuracy.
Key wordsCurrent detection    current sensor    DC bus sampling    multi-position coupling    measurement errors   
收稿日期: 2022-04-14     
PACS: TM46  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(62273313, 51807013, 52177068)、河南省科技攻关项目(222102240005)、河南省青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2021GGJS089)、郑州市协同创新专项(2021ZDPY0204)和河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(22IRTSTHN017)资助
通讯作者: 申永鹏 男,1985年生,博士,研究方向为电动汽车动力系统驱动与控制、能量管理与优化。E-mail: shenyongpeng@zzuli.edu.cn   
作者简介: 刘 迪 男,1996年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电动汽车动力系统驱动与控制。E-mail: liudi_zzuli@163.com
引用本文:   
申永鹏, 刘迪, 梁伟华, 郭磊磊, 王延峰. 三相桥式逆变电路电流检测方法综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(2): 465-484. Shen Yongpeng, Liu Di, Liang Weihua, Guo Leilei, Wang Yanfeng. Review of Current Detection Methods for Three-Phase Bridge Inverter Circuits. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(2): 465-484.
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