Three-Dimensional Target Space Magnetic Leakage Shielding for Automated Guided Vehicle Inductive Charging System
Pan Shuaishuai1, Mai Ruikun1,2, Xu Yefei1, Xie Zhaojie1, Wang Zhulin1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 611756 China; 2. National Rail Transit Electrification and Automation Engineering Technique Research Center Chengdu 611756 China
Abstract:Magnetic leakage of the automated guided vehicle (AGV) inductive charging system endangers the organism’s health and interferes with the regular operation of sensitive electromagnetic equipment. An optimization method of reactive resonant coil equivalent reactance is proposed to reduce the maximum magnetic induction intensity in the three-dimensional target space. The proposed method divides the target space into many target points evenly. The optimal equivalent reactance can be obtained by traversing the equivalent reactance of the reactive resonant coil to minimize the maximum magnetic induction intensity of the target point. First, the expression of system current, which contains the equivalent reactance of the reactive resonant coil is derived. The influence of system current on magnetic induction intensity at any point is analyzed. The relationship between the equivalent reactance of the reactive resonant coil and the magnetic shielding effect at that point is obtained. Then, the magnetic shielding target is extended from a single point to the target space. The optimal equivalent reactance of the reactive resonant coil is derived by the proposed optimization method. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic induction intensity of the target space meets the safety standards when the reactive resonant coil obtains the optimal equivalent reactance. The maximum magnetic induction intensity in the target space was reduced by 53.40%, and the average decreased by 58.15% compared with that without the reactive resonant coil. The system efficiency was reduced by only 0.31%.
[1] 廖志娟, 孙跃, 叶兆虹, 等. 无线电能传输系统共振机理及共振点分布特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(2): 215-224. Liao Zhijuan, Sun Yue, Ye Zhaohong, et al.Research on resonance mechanism and resonant point distribution characteristic of magnetic coupling wireless power transfer systems[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(2): 215-224. [2] Campi T, Cruciani S, Valeric D S, et al.Induced effects in a pacemaker equipped with a wireless power transfer charging system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(6): 1-4. [3] 吴丽君, 李冠西, 张朱浩伯, 等. 一种具有恒流恒压输出自切换特性的电动汽车无线电能传输系统拓扑[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(18): 3781-3790. Wu Lijun, Li Guanxi, Zhang Zhuhaobo, et al.A wireless power transfer system topology with automatic switching characteristics of constant current and constant voltage output for electric vehicle charging[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(18): 3781-3790. [4] 朱春波, 姜金海, 宋凯, 等. 电动汽车动态无线充电关键技术研究进展[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41(2): 60-65. Zhu Chunbo, Jiang Jinhai, Song Kai, et al.Research progress of key technologies for dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicle[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(2): 60-65. [5] 王汉丰, 唐春森, 左志平, 等. 电动车无线供电系统多负载模式分析及导轨结构优化设计[J]. 电气技术, 2019, 20(8): 6-10. Wang Hanfeng, Tang Chunsen, Zuo Zhiping, et al.Multi-load mode analysis of wireless supplying system for electric vehicles[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2019, 20(8): 6-10. [6] 麦瑞坤, 李勇, 何正友, 等. 无线电能传输技术及其在轨道交通中研究进展[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2016, 51(3): 446-461. Mai Ruikun, Li Yong, He Zhengyou, et al.Wireless power transfer technology and its research progress in rail transportation[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016, 51(3): 446-461. [7] Mai Ruikun, Luo Ying, Yang Bin, et al.Decoupling circuit for automated guided vehicles IPT charging systems with dual receivers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(7): 6652-6657. [8] Huang S, Lee T, Li Weihua, et al.Modular on-road AGV wireless charging systems via interoperable power adjustment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(8): 5918-5928. [9] 周洪, 蒋燕, 胡文山, 等. 磁共振式无线电能传输系统应用的电磁环境安全性研究及综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(2): 1-12. Zhou Hong, Jiang Yan, Hu Wenshan, et al.Review and research on health and safety issues frenetically-coupled resonant wireless power transfer systems[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(2): 1-12. [10] 张献, 王朝晖, 魏斌, 等. 电动汽车无线充电系统中电屏蔽对空间磁场的影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(8): 1580-1588. Zhang Xian, Wang Zhaohui, Wei Bin, et al.Analysis of the influence of electric shield on space magnetic field in electric vehicle wireless charging system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(8): 1580-1588. [11] 陈琛, 黄学良, 谭林林, 等. 电动汽车无线充电时的电磁环境及安全评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(19): 61-67. Chen Chen, Huang Xueliang, Tan Linlin, et al.Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(19): 61-67. [12] 沈栋, 杜贵平, 丘东元, 等. 无线电能传输系统电磁兼容研究现况及发展趋势[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(13): 2855-2869. Shen Dong, Du Guiping, Qiu Dongyuan, et al.Research status and development trend of electromagnetic compatibility of wireless power transmission system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(13): 2855-2869. [13] Zaheer A, Covic G A, Kacprzak D.A bipolar pad in a 10-kHz 300-W distributed IPT system for AGV applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(7): 3288-3301. [14] Budhia M, Boys J T, Covic G A, et al.Development of a single-sided flux magnetic coupler for electric vehicle IPT charging systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(1): 318-328. [15] Hhh J, Lee S W, Lee W Y, et al.Narrow-width inductive power transfer system for online electrical vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(12): 3666-3679. [16] Choi S Y, Jeong S Y, Gu B W, et al.Ultraslim s-type power supply rails for roadway-powered electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6456-6468. [17] Li Xiaofei, Hu Jiefeng, Wang Heshou, et al.A new coupling structure and position detection method for segmented control dynamic wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(7): 6741-6745. [18] Lu Ming, Ngo K D T. Attenuation of stray magnetic field in inductive power transfer by controlling phases of windings’ currents[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(9): 1-8. [19] 张献, 苑朝阳, 杨庆新, 等. 自激推挽式磁耦合无线电能传输系统磁屏蔽特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(2): 555-561. Zhang Xian, Yuan Zhaoyang, Yang Qingxin, et al.Analysis of the magnetic shielding characteristics of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system based on self-excited push-pull converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(2): 555-561. [20] Mohammad M, Wodajo E T, Choi S, et al.Modeling and design of passive shield to limit EMF emission and to minimize shield loss in unipolar wireless charging system for EV[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(12): 12235-12245. [21] Campi T, Cruciani S, Maradei F, et al.Magnetic field mitigation by multicoil active shielding in electric vehicles equipped with wireless power charging system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2020, 62(4): 1398-1405. [22] Park J, Ahn S.A novel shielding coil for electromagnetic field(EMF) reduction of wireless power transfer in laptop computer[C]//2014 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, Jeju, Korea (South), 2014: 235-238. [23] Tejeda A, Carretero C, Boys J T, et al.Ferrite-less circular pad with controlled flux cancelation for EV wireless charging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(11): 8349-8359. [24] 李睿泽, 杨庆新, 李永建, 等. 邻近耦合无线电能传输系统的高效屏蔽设计与优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(21): 163-171. Li Ruize, Yang Qingxin, Li Yongjian, et al.Efficient shielding design and optimization of wireless power transfer system with proximity coupling[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(21): 163-171. [25] Choi S Y, Gu B W, Lee S W, et al.Generalized active EMF cancel methods for wireless electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(11): 5770-5783. [26] Kim S, Park H, Kim J, et al.Design and analysis of a resonant reactive shield for a wireless power electric vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2014, 62(4): 1057-1066. [27] 许乔迪, 徐叶飞, 麦瑞坤. 具有目标面最优磁屏蔽效果的IPT谐振式无功屏蔽系统研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(18): 5490-5498. Xu Qiaodi, Xu Yefei, Mai Ruikun.Study on IPT resonant reactive shielding systems with the characteristics of optimal magnetic shielding effect on the target surface[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(18): 5490-5498. [28] Lu Fei, Zhang Yiming, Zhang Hua, et al.A low-voltage and high-current inductive power transfer system with low harmonics for automatic guided vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(4): 3351-3360. [29] Kim J, Kim J, Kong S, et al.Coil design and shielding methods for a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013, 101(6): 1332-1342. [30] Moon H, Kim S, Park H H, et al.Design of a resonant reactive shield with double coils and a phase shifter for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2015, 51(3): 1-4. [31] Park J, Kim D, Hwang K, et al.A resonant reactive shielding for planar wireless power transfer system in smartphone application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2017, 59(2): 695-703.