基于双极性耦合磁场调控的高抗偏移偏转无线电能传输系统

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221182

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摘要针对电动汽车进行静态无线充电时,发收机构相对偏移偏转会导致耦合系数和传输能效性急剧下降的问题,本文提出了一种基于双极性耦合磁场调控的高抗偏移偏转无线电能传输（WPT）系统,该系统发射机构采用双层正交DD(Double-layer Quadrature DD, DQDD)线圈,接收机构采用交叠式DD(Overlapping DD, OLDD)线圈。首先,给出了空间位置和导磁机构特征参数与耦合系数之间的作用规律,并分析了发射机构激发磁场的分布特性;其次,构建了基于双路逆变器-单路整流器的LCC-S补偿网络拓扑,并推导了具有发射激励电流恒定特性以及系统输出电压不受负载影响的谐振参数配置条件;然后,给出了一种将最大耦合系数作为期望目标的磁场调控策略;最后,通过实验样机验证了所构建耦合机构的抗偏移偏转性能。实验结果表明：在水平面±70%的偏移范围内,输出功率维持在1.8kW左右,系统效率不低于88%。

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关键词 ：无线电能传输, 电动汽车, 偏移偏转, 磁场调控

Abstract：During the static wireless charging of the electric vehicles, misalignment between the transmitting and the receiving structures is inevitable. Such misalignment may cause a rapid decrease in the coupling coefficient and transfer efficiency of the magnetic coupling structure. Therefore, a critical issue for the static wireless power transfer (WPT) system of the electric vehicle is to improve the coupling structure's misalignment tolerance with high stability of the pickup power of the receiving structure. A WPT system with high misalignment tolerance based on bipolar coupling magnetic-field control is proposed. A Double-layer Quadrature DD (DQDD) coil is used for the transmitting structure, and an Overlapping DD (OLDD) coil is adopted for the receiving structure. The DQDD coil is composed of two sets of DD coils decoupling with each other in double-layer quadrature layout. The quadrature layout enables the magnetic fluxes induced from two sets of DD coils to be in an orthogonal position in space. Meanwhile, the dominant magnetic flux between two sets of DD coils is close to zero; The OLDD coil of the receiving structure can be changed into the CP coil by controlling two switches, so that the magnetic field picked up by the OLDD can change from bipolarity to unipolarity.
Firstly, an LCC-S circuit based on dual inverter-single rectifier is constructed. To achieve decoupling for control, the two sets of DD coils in the transmitting structure are excited by the two channels of inverters separately to adjust the output voltage amplitude and phase of the two channels of inverters respectively. The parameter configuration for constant excitation current of transmitting coil and output voltage are deduced. Secondly, the interaction between the characteristic parameters of coupling structure and coupling coefficient are given, when the transmitting structure and the receiving structure are completely aligned. Accordingly, the size of the DQDD-OLDD coupling structure is optimized. Then, a magnetic-field control strategy is given to achieve the desired maximum coupling coefficient. By controlling the phase difference between the excitation current of the transmitting DQDD coil and the pickup polarity of the receiving OLDD coil, the high transfer efficiency of the WPT system is maintained when misalignment occurs. Combined with the magnetic-field control strategy, a pattern matching monitoring method based on the position of the receiving structure is proposed. With such method, the excitation mode and the picking structure match with each other regardless of the random movement of the receiving structure, avoiding the frequent execution of the control program. Finally, an indicator, coupling coefficient attenuation ratio (CCAR), is defined to measure the anti-misalignment performance of coupling structure. Compared to the conventional circle pad and DD coupling structure, the proposed coupling structure has higher misalignment tolerance.
An experimental prototype was built and the equivalent coupling coefficient was measured. The anti-misalignment performance of DQDD-OLDD coupling structure in XOY planehas been verified. In addition, the power converter circuit and the compensation circuit of the prototype at five positions was measured, which verifies the system transfer characteristics of the dual inverter-single rectifier.The experimental results indicate that the output power is maintained at 1.8kW in the range of 270mm horizontal misalignment, and the system efficiency is maintained above 88%.

Key words： Wireless power transfer electric vehicle misalignment magnetic-field control

收稿日期: 2022-06-21

PACS:

TM724

基金资助:重庆市科学技术委员会面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxm2254),重庆市教育委员会青年项目(KJQN202001144),重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS21451)

通讯作者: 李恋男,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为无线电能传输。E-mail：935357999@qq.com

作者简介: 谢诗云男,1987年生,博士,讲师,研究方向为电力电子与电能变换、无线电能传输。E-mail：xieshiyun1987@cqut.edu.cn

引用本文:

谢诗云, 杨奕, 李恋, 张路, 张小钦. 基于双极性耦合磁场调控的高抗偏移偏转无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 39-39. Xie Shiyun, Yang Yi, Li Lian, Zhang Lu, Zhang Xiaoqin. Wireless Power Transfer System With High Misalignment Tolerance Based on Bipolar Coupling Magnetic-Field Control. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 39-39.

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