Optimal Selection on Spatial Spectrum Estimation Algorithms for UHF Direction Finding of Partial Discharge in Substation
Liu Qing1, 2, Chang Dingge1, Deng Junbo1
1. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China; 2. State Grid Energy Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing 450001 China
Abstract：The partial discharge (PD) direction finding system based on ultra-high frequency array has been tried to apply in air-insulted substation nowadays. However, the size of antenna array is too large that is not convenient for onsite application. To reduce the array size, high-resolution direction finding and focusing algorithm are used in the direction finding system. In the spatial spectrum estimation method, the PD signal is focused into narrowband signal by broadband focusing algorithm, and then the direction of arrival is obtained by narrowband direction finding algorithm. There are many kinds of broadband focusing and narrowband direction finding algorithms, and the direction finding performance of different algorithms is affected by signal-to-noise ratio, incident direction and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study the selection of algorithms suitable for PD direction finding in substation station domain. In this paper, a PD simulation system is established. By changing the number of array elements, signal-to-noise ratio and incident azimuth angle, the performance of broadband focusing algorithms such as two-side correlation transformation (TCT), rotating signal subspace and signal subspace transform is compared; in addition, the direction finding accuracy of narrowband direction finding algorithms is compared, such as multiple signal classification, root multiple signal classification (Root-MUSIC), and signal parameter estimation via rotational invariance techniques and weighted subspace fitting. The simulation results show that TCT algorithm has the fastest operation speed, the widest effective direction finding range and the highest direction finding accuracy when the signal-to-noise ratio is high. Root-MUSIC algorithm has the smallest direction finding error when the number of array elements is small, and has strong ability of noise suppression and short calculation time. In experiments, when TCT and root MUSIC algorithm are used in PD direction finding system, the deviation and standard deviation of azimuth direction finding are less than 3.2° and 2.9° respectively, which have better direction finding performance.
刘青, 常丁戈, 邓军波. 用于变电站站域局部放电特高频测向的空间谱估计算法优化选择[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(16): 3551-3560.
Liu Qing, Chang Dingge, Deng Junbo. Optimal Selection on Spatial Spectrum Estimation Algorithms for UHF Direction Finding of Partial Discharge in Substation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(16): 3551-3560.
[1] 李臻, 罗林根, 盛戈皞, 等. 基于压缩感知的特高频局部放电定位法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(1): 202-208. Li Zhen, Luo Lingen, Sheng Gehao, et al.Ultrahigh frequency partial discharge localization methodology based on compressed sensing[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(1): 202-208. [2] 周南, 罗林根, 宋辉, 等. 基于最大似然估计的变电站特高频局部放电定向方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(15): 3285-3292. Zhou Nan, Luo Lingen, Song Hui, et al.A substation UHF partial discharge directional of arrival estimation method based on maximum likelihood estimation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(15): 3285-3292. [3] 张崇兴, 任明, 周洁睿, 等. 振荡操作冲击电压下绝缘子气隙缺陷局部放电特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(14): 3074-3083. Zhang Chongxing, Ren Ming, Zhou Jierui, et al.Analysis for partial discharges behavior in SF6 gas filled void in gas insulated switchgear under oscillating switching impulses[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(14): 3074-3083. [4] 周波, 胡与非, 杨新春, 等. 特高频及超声波法在GIS设备带电检测中的应用[J]. 高压电器, 2019, 55(1): 54-58. Zhou Bo, Hu Yufei, Yang Xinchun, et al.Application of ultrahigh frequency and ultrasonic method in the live detection of GIS equipment[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2019, 55(1): 54-58. [5] 崔鲁, 陈伟根, 杜劲超, 等. 植物油-纸绝缘气隙放电形态及发展特征[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(3): 618-626. Cui Lu, Chen Weigen, Du Jingchao, et al.Investi- gation on air-gap discharge patterns and development characteristics of vegetable oil-paper insulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(3): 618-626. [6] Moore P J, Portugues I E, Glover I A.Partial discharge investigation of a power transformer using wireless wideband radio-frequency measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, 21(1): 528-530. [7] Portugues I E, Moore P J, Glover I A, et al.RF-based partial discharge early warning system for air- insulated substations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2009, 24(1): 20-29. [8] Moore P J, Portugues I E, Glover I A.Remote diagnosis of overhead line insulation defects[C]// IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Denver, 2004: 1831-1835. [9] 刘青, 朱明晓, 王彦博, 等. 基于特高频相控阵原理的变电站站域局部放电测向方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(20): 6126-6135. Liu Qing, Zhu Mingxiao, Wang Yanbo, et al.Partial discharge orientation method in substation based on ultra-high frequency phased array theory[J]. Pro- ceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(20): 6126-6135. [10] Liu Qing, Zhu Mingxiao, Wang Yanbo, et al.UHF antenna array arrangement optimization for partial discharge direction finding in air-insulated substation based on phased array theory[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(6): 3657-3668. [11] Tian Ye, Tatematsu A, Tanabe K, et al.Development of locating system of pulsed electromagnetic inter- ference source based on advanced TDOA estimation method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2014, 56(6): 1326-1334. [12] Hou Huijuan, Sheng Gehao, Jiang Xiucheng.Localization algorithm for the PD source in sub- station based on L-shaped antenna array signal processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2015, 30(1): 472-479. [13] 王永良, 陈辉, 彭应宁, 等. 空间谱估计理论与算法[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004. [14] 赵拥军, 李东海, 赵闯, 等. 宽带阵列信号波达方向估计理论与方法[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2013. [15] 王署东, 尹柏强, 何怡刚, 等. 基于正则化的变电站局部放电定位方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(6): 1825-1833. Wang Shudong, Yin Baiqiang, He Yigang, et al.A partial discharge location method in substations based on regularization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(6): 1825-1833. [16] Zhu Mingxiao, Wang Yanbo, Liu Qing, et al.Localization of multiple partial discharge sources in air-insulated substation using probability-based algo- rithm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(1): 157-166.
2020, Vol. 35 
