Abstract：The axial flux-switching permanent magnet (AFSPM) machine offers many merits, including a compact structure, high power/torque density, large torque capacity, and convenient heat management. To meet the requirements of a wide speed-regulation range, strong load capacity, and high reliability, this paper proposes a five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM machine. The topology, operating principle, design method, electromagnetic performance, and fault-tolerant characteristics are studied. Firstly, the structural characteristics and operating principle of the five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM machine are analyzed. The power-size equation is established. The winding distribution rule is studied, and the general electromagnetic design principle and the universal design method are analyzed. The electromagnetic design scheme for the five-phase hybrid excited AFSPM machine is summarized. Using the specific performance indicators, the key dimensional parameters of the stator, rotor, and windings are determined. Secondly, based on the 3D characteristics of the magnetic field, a 3D finite-element model that accounts for end effects is established for electromagnetic calculations. The impact of key structural parameters on the electromagnetic characteristics of the five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM machine is investigated. By considering high torque capability, low torque ripple, and strong flux regulation, the optimal combination of structural parameters is identified. The magnetic field distribution, air-gap flux density, permanent-magnet flux linkage, back electromotive force, torque characteristics, and flux-regulation capability are analyzed. Compared with the traditional three-phase AFSPM machine, the five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM machine exhibits smaller cogging torque, lower torque ripple, greater torque output capability, and a wider speed-regulation range. Moreover, based on vector control, a control system is established. The fault-tolerance control method is used to analyze the operating performance under faults through finite element simulation. Finally, a five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM prototype machine is manufactured, and an experimental platform is established. Cogging torque, torque capability, speed-regulation characteristics, and fault-tolerant capability are evaluated. The five-phase hybrid-excited AFSPM machine exhibits a compact structure, high power/torque density, large torque output capability, a wide speed-regulation range, strong fault-tolerant capability, and convenient heat management, which has good application prospects in electric vehicles, numerical control machine tools, industrial servo systems, and so on.
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2026, Vol. 41 
