Abstract：Hybrid excitation synchronous machines (HESM), due to the advantages of convenient air gap magnetic field regulation, high torque density and high efficiency, are widely used in industrial applications, new energy transportation equipment and power generation. The three-dimensional (3D)finite element analysis (FEA) is widely used in machine design due to the ability to consider saturation and complex geometries. However, it is time-consuming due to the need for high-precision mesh. The analytical method based on Laplace-Poisson equation is one of the effective tools to quickly obtain the machines performance, but it is difficult to consider the influence of core saturation, which will reduce the calculation accuracy. In order to achieve balance between calculation accuracy and calculation time, this paper proposes an improved 3D nonlinear dynamic equivalentic magnetic network(EMN) model to predict the electromagnetic characteristics and magnetic modulation capability of the HESM. Firstly, the topology of HESM with modularized stator and rotor structure is introduced, and the axial, tangential and radial equivalent permeances in the motor are analyzed. Secondly, based on the magnetic flux tube theory, the 3D EMN model of the HESM is established considering the influence of non-uniform saturation of modular stator teeth and rotor pole shoes, flux leakage between magnetic poles, end flux leakage and the flux leakage in stator slots. Finally, the change laws of the equivalent permeances of the air gap during the machine rotation is studied, and the corresponding equivalent air gap permeance model is established to improve the speed of EMN dynamic analysis. Compared with the traditional 3D EMN model, the proposed 3D EMN model can further improve the calculation accuracy while ensuring the calculation speed for the HESM. The calculated air-gap flux density waveforms, flux linkage waveforms, back electro motive force (EMF) and torque by the proposed 3D EMN model are compared with FEA and experimental results. For the three states of no excitation current, magnetizing and demagnetizing, the air gap flux density errors calculated by the proposed 3D EMN model are 2.96%、2.38%、2.34% respectively, which is greatly reduced compared with the traditional 3D EMN model. The improvement of the calculation accuracy proves the effectiveness of the improved EMN model by taking into account the influence of non-uniform saturation and flux leakages. The flux linkage waveforms and back EMF waveforms calculated by the model under no-load and load conditions are also in good agreement with FEA results, and the calculation errors are within the acceptable ranges. The electromagnetic torques calculated by the proposed 3D EMN model under different armature currents is basically consistent with the experimental and FEA results, which also shows the validity of the proposed model. In addition, the calculation time of the proposed 3D EMN model is only 0.05% of that of the FEA. The following conclusions can be drawn from the above analysis: ①Compared with traditional 3D EMN, the calculation accuracy of the proposed 3D EMN model is improved by about 9.5% due to the consideration of non-uniform saturation of modular stator teeth/rotor pole shoes, and end flux leakage between magnetic poles. ②Compared with FEA, the proposed 3D EMN model has shorter calculation time while ensuring calculation accuracy, since the number of nodes divided in the proposed model is far less than FEA. ③The proposed modelis universal for HESM, which bring convenience to the design and optimization of related types of motors.
佟文明, 王萍, 吴胜男, 贾建国. 基于三维等效磁网络模型的混合励磁同步电机电磁特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(3): 692-702.
Tong Wenming, Wang Ping, Wu Shengnan, Jia Jianguo. Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine Based on 3D Equivalent Magnetic Network. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(3): 692-702.
[1] 朱孝勇, 程明, 赵文祥, 等. 混合励磁电机技术综述与发展展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2008, 23(1): 30-39. Zhu Xiaoyong, Cheng Ming, Zhao Wenxiang, et al.An overview of hybrid excited electric machine capable of field control[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2008, 23(1): 30-39. [2] 张卓然, 王东, 花为. 混合励磁电机结构原理、设计与运行控制技术综述及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(24): 7834-7850. Zhang Zhuoran, Wang Dong, Hua Wei.Overview of configuration, design and control technology of hybrid excitation machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(24): 7834-7850. [3] 佟明昊, 程明, 许芷源, 等. 电动汽车用车载集成式充电系统若干关键技术问题及解决方案[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(24): 5125-5142. Tong Minghao, Cheng Ming, Xu Zhiyuan, et al.Key issues and solutions of integrated on-board chargers for electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(24): 5125-5142. [4] Ullah W, Khan F, Umair M.Design and optimization of segmented PM consequent pole hybrid excited flux switching machine for EV/HEV application[J]. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2020, 4(3): 206-214. [5] 戴理韬, 高剑, 黄守道, 等. 变速恒频水力发电技术及其发展[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(24): 169-177. Dai Litao, Gao Jian, Huang Shoudao, et al.Variable-speed constant-frequency hydropower generation technology and its development[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(24): 169-177. [6] 姚钢, 杨浩猛, 周荔丹, 等. 大容量海上风电机组发展现状及关键技术[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(21): 33-47. Yao Gang, Yang Haomeng, Zhou Lidan, et al.Development status and key technologies of large-capacity offshore wind turbines[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(21): 33-47. [7] 卢浩, 杜怿, 刘新波, 等. 磁场调制型双馈无刷混合励磁电机及其静态性能分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(14): 2969-2978. Lu Hao, Du Yi, Liu Xinbo, et al.Static performance analysis of magnetic field-modulated doubly-fed brushless hybrid excitation motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(14): 2969-2978. [8] Liu Ye, Zhang Zhuoran, Wang Chen, et al.Electromagnetic performance analysis of a new hybrid excitation synchronous machine for electric vehicle applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(11): 1-4. [9] Bali H, Amara Y, Barakat G, et al.Analytical modeling of open circuit magnetic field in wound field and series double excitation synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(10): 3802-3815. [10] Hsieh M F, Hsu Y C.A generalized magnetic circuit modeling approach for design of surface permanent-magnet machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012, 59(2): 779-792. [11] Liu Guohai, Wang Yong, Chen Qian, et al.Design and analysis of a new equivalent magnetic network model for IPM machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2020, 56(6): 1-12. [12] 郭凯凯, 郭有光. 磁通反向直线旋转永磁电机三维非线性等效磁路模型分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(20): 4278-4286. Guo Kaikai, Guo Youguang.3D nonlinear equivalent magnetic circuit model analysis of a flux reversal linear rotary permanent magnet machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(20): 4278-4286. [13] Tong Wenming, Wang Shuai, Dai Shanhong, et al.A quasi-three-dimensional magnetic equivalent circuit model of a double-sided axial flux permanent magnet machine considering local saturation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2018, 33(4): 2163-2173. [14] 赵玫, 于帅, 张华强. 聚磁式横向磁通永磁直线电机的变磁导等效磁网络[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2020, 24(4): 12-22. Zhao Mei, Yu Shuai, Zhang Huaqiang.Variable permeability equivalent magnetic circuit network of flux-concentrated transverse flux permanent magnet linear machine[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 2020, 24(4): 12-22. [15] 徐衍亮, 吴巧变, 宫晓. 新型盘式横向磁通永磁无刷电机的变网络等效磁路模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(17): 147-153. Xu Yanliang, Wu Qiaobian, Gong Xiao.Network-varying equivalent magnetic circuit modeling of novel disk transverse-flux permanent magnet brushless machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(17): 147-153. [16] 张昌锦, 陈志辉, 梅庆枭, 等. 横向磁通永磁同步电机非线性动态等效磁网络模型分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(1): 307-314, 345. Zhang Changjin, Chen Zhihui, Mei Qingxiao, et al.Nonlinear dynamic equivalent magnetic network model analysis of transverse flux permanent magnet synchronous motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(1): 307-314, 345. [17] 叶品州, 李红伟, 于文涛, 等. 考虑材料非线性及涡流影响的径向电磁轴承等效磁路建模[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(9): 1858-1867. Ye Pinzhou, Li Hongwei, Yu Wentao, et al.Equivalent magnetic circuit modeling of radial active magnetic bearing considering material nonlinearity and eddy current effects[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(9): 1858-1867. [18] 禹春敏, 邓智泉, 梅磊, 等. 基于精确磁路的新型混合型轴向-径向磁悬浮轴承研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(6): 1219-1228. Yu Chunmin, Deng Zhiquan, Mei Lei, et al.Research of new hybrid axial-radial magnetic bearing based on accurate magnetic circuit[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(6): 1219-1228. [19] Hua Wei, Zhang Gan, Cheng Ming, et al.Electromagnetic performance analysis of hybrid-excited flux-switching machines by a nonlinear magnetic network model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, 47(10): 3216-3219. [20] Liu Ye, Zhang Zhuoran, Geng Weiwei, et al.A simplified finite-element model of hybrid excitation synchronous machines with radial/axial flux paths via magnetic equivalent circuit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(11): 1-4. [21] Nedjar B, Hlioui S, Vido L, et al.Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine modeling using magnetic equivalent circuits[C]//2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Beijing, China, 2011: 1-6. [22] Zhu Changqing, Wang Xiuhe, Zhao Wenliang, et al.Performance analysis on a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator with hybrid excitation based on equivalent magnetic circuit[C]//2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Harbin, China, 2019: 1-5. [23] Hou Jining, Geng Weiwei, Li Qiang, et al.3-D equivalent magnetic network modeling and FEA verification of a novel axial-flux hybrid-excitation in-wheel motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2021, 57(7): 1-12. [24] 黄允凯, 周涛. 基于等效磁路法的轴向永磁电机效率优化设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(2): 73-79. Huang Yunkai, Zhou Tao.Efficiency optimization design of axial flux permanent magnet machines using magnetic equivalent circuit[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(2): 73-79.
2023, Vol. 38 
