双三相永磁同步电机的缺相自然容错控制优化方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250391

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摘要由于优异的容错性能,双三相永磁同步电机（DTP-PMSM）在多电飞机和电动汽车等领域得到了广泛关注。针对缺相容错运行,可通过构建降阶解耦变换矩阵和降阶解耦模型实现磁场定向控制,但面对任一缺相故障,该方法较为复杂且无法与正常工况实现柔性衔接。为此,该文提出一种自然解耦缺相容错控制优化方法,即沿用正常模式矢量控制技术,结合容错电流、容错电压和中性点电压配置,实现最多任意三相开路容错控制。具体地,针对自然解耦变换线性无关基底的容错电流配置,结合剩余相电流等幅值与定子铜耗最小约束进行求解;针对线性相关基底的容错电压配置,提出了一种依据谐波/零序空间电流模型的优化设置方法;针对不平衡供电模式,提出一种中性点电压计算与补偿方法。从上述三个层面结合可控自由度限制,对共中性点双三相电机的缺相容错控制进行性能优化。最后对单相、两相和三相开路进行容错控制实验,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。

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关键词 ：双三相永磁同步电机, 缺相自然容错控制, 容错电流, 容错电压, 中性点电压

Abstract：Due to the demands for enhanced power output and operational reliability in aerospace, marine propulsion, and electric vehicles, dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (DTP-PMSM) have attracted considerable attention due to their high reliability, large power capacity, and low torque ripple. Their strong tolerance to phase loss is a core advantage, making the development of simple yet efficient fault-tolerant control strategies and performance optimization imperative. Among existing fault-tolerant control technologies, the reduced-order decoupling transformation fault-tolerant strategy has notable limitations. Under various phase-loss fault modes—such as single-phase or two-phase open-circuit faults—it is necessary to reconstruct mathematical models and control equations for each fault topology. It lengthens the control development cycle and reduces real-time control accuracy due to the complexity of model switching, resulting in substantial computational overhead. By contrast, natural fault-tolerant control allows direct reuse of the decoupling transformation matrix from normal operating conditions, enabling fault-tolerant operation after a fault through harmonic current regulation alone, without the need to reconstruct the control framework. Thus, it has attracted widespread research interest. However, most natural fault-tolerant strategies overlook the impacts of open-phase conditions. Such unaddressed factors lead to current distortion and aggravated torque ripples after a fault, ultimately resulting in a marked decline in fault-tolerant performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for natural fault-tolerant control under phase-loss faults.
To address the post-fault control degrees of freedom, a matching relationship between the number of open phases and the number of current control loops is defined to ensure controllability. To address the decoupling failure of fundamental and harmonic currents, a harmonic-current configuration scheme based on a linear combination of fundamental currents is proposed. By integrating constraints such as equal current amplitudes in healthy phases and minimal stator copper loss, the optimal fault-tolerant current configuration is derived. For a fault-tolerant voltage configuration, this paper presents a precise optimal calculation method based on the harmonic/zero-sequence spatial current model. Meanwhile, a technical solution is proposed that integrates neutral-point voltage calculation and compensation. Experiments were carried out on a dual three-phase motor control test platform. After a single-phase open-circuit fault, the proposed fault-tolerant current configuration markedly optimized current waveforms. Combined with the fault-tolerant voltage configuration and neutral-point voltage compensation strategy, both neutral-point voltage and d-q-axis current fluctuations of the motor were suppressed. Extending this method to scenarios with multi-phase open-circuit faults maintained stable, reliable optimization performance.
The following core conclusions are: (1) The current configuration coefficients in the x-y and o₁-o₂ spaces can be easily solved by the proposed optimization method, laying a foundation for the accurate configuration of fault-tolerant currents. (2) The voltage in the harmonic/zero-sequence subspace possesses forced motion characteristics, and the fault-tolerant control performance can be optimized via targeted parameter configuration of this subspace. (3) The neutral point voltage compensation strategy not only effectively enhances the operational performance after fault-tolerant control but also boasts a straightforward calculation approach. Meanwhile, this method applies to dual three-phase motors with isolated neutral points and to other multi- three-phase motor scenarios, such as nine-phase motors.

Key words： Dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor natural decoupling open-phase fault-tolerant control fault-tolerant current fault-tolerant voltage neutral point voltage

收稿日期: 2025-03-12

PACS:

TM301.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（52207061）和国家自然科学基金联合基金（U22A20218）资助项目

通讯作者: 田兵男,1989年生,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为先进永磁电驱动技术与逆变构网技术等。E-mail: tian.bing@nuaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄涛男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为双三相电机驱动及其容错控制。E-mail: SZ2303243@nuaa.edu.cn

引用本文:

黄涛, 张峻涛, 韩镇锚, 田兵. 双三相永磁同步电机的缺相自然容错控制优化方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(8): 2601-2615. Huang Tao, Zhang Juntao, Han Zhenmao, Tian Bing. Optimization of the Natural Open-Fault Tolerant Control for a Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(8): 2601-2615.

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