时滞环境下基于改进分组模型的HBESS固定时间比例功率控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241828

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摘要

针对异质性电池储能系统(Heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage System, HBESS)在平抑微电网不平衡功率时寿命损耗高、电池单体(Battery Unit, BU)均衡度低及控制精度不足的问题,本文提出了时滞环境下基于改进分组模型的HBESS固定时间比例功率控制策略。首先,在考虑电气参数与运行状态差异进行BU调控能力评估的基础上,依据评估结果,构建基于竞争合作机制的改进分组模型。其次,利用改进分组模型设计梯次调控方法,将功率梯次分配至调控能力较高的电池组来降低寿命损耗。接着,提出计及时滞的固定时间比例一致性算法(Time-delay based Fixed-time Proportional Consensus Algorithm, TFPCA),并证明其数学特性,探究提升其迭代精度的方法。最后,基于梯次调控方法与TFPCA,考虑运行状态均衡,设计电池组精准梯次功率控制策略。通过某微电网典型日不平衡功率的仿真与实验验证,结果表明,TFPCA不仅可以实现固定时间一致性与比例一致性,还可提升迭代精度;所提功率控制策略可以有效降低寿命损耗,促进BU运行状态均衡,实现HBESS精准功率控制。

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关键词 ：异质性电池储能系统, 功率控制, 分组模型, 固定时间比例一致性算法, 时滞

Abstract：

With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources and stochastic loads, the existing battery energy storage systems (BESS) in microgrids often fail to meet power balance requirements, necessitating further expansion. The expanded energy storage system comprises multiple BESS units with varying electrical parameters and operational states, forming a heterogeneous BESS (HBESS). Similar to BESS, HBESS faces challenges when mitigating power imbalance in microgrids, including high lifespan degradation, low balance among battery unit (BU), and insufficient control precision.
To address these issues, this paper proposes a fixed-time proportional power control strategy for HBESS based on an improved grouping model in time-delay environments. First, this paper evaluate the regulation capability of BU by considering their electrical parameters and operational states, and construct an improved grouping model based on a competition-cooperation mechanism to divide the HBESS into multiple battery groups. Second, a hierarchical regulation method is developed using the improved grouping model to determine participating battery groups and BUs. This method reduces lifespan degradation by allocating power hierarchically to battery groups with higher regulation capabilities. Subsequently, this paper propose time delay based fixed-time proportional consensus algorithm (TFPCA), analyze its mathematical properties, and investigate methods to enhance its iterative precision. Finally, by integrating the hierarchical regulation method with TFPCA while considering BU operational state balance, this paper design a precise hierarchical power control strategy for battery groups, enabling each BU to accurately track power commands.
This paper employs the typical daily unbalanced power of a microgrid for simulation verification. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed TFPCA, grouping method, and power control strategy, three different algorithms, three grouping methods, and three power control strategies were selected for comparative analysis. The algorithm comparison results show that in time-delay environments, while all algorithms exhibit oscillatory iteration curves, only TFPCA achieves both fixed-time consensus and proportional consensus while eliminating iteration errors. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for precise power control of HBESS in time-delay environments. The comparative results of grouping methods demonstrate that, throughout the entire regulation cycle, only the proposed grouping method can maintain hierarchical distributions of backup capacity and rated power across all battery groups, which facilitates the implementation of hierarchical regulation. Moreover, the proposed method dynamically adjusts the number of battery groups based on energy storage parameters and command characteristics, ultimately reducing the lifespan degradation of HBESS. Regarding power control strategies, the comparative results indicate that, compared with other power control strategies, the proposed strategy not only promotes state of charge balance both within individual BESS and across the entire HBESS system, but also ensures battery groups participate in regulation according to predetermined hierarchies with superior control accuracy. This effectively addresses the key challenges of high lifespan degradation, poor BU balance, and insufficient control precision.
This paper further constructed an HBESS hardware experimental platform for testing. The experimental results show that all battery groups maintain hierarchical distributions in terms of backup capacity and rated power, with significantly improved BU balance, achieving precise HBESS power control. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.

Key words： Heterogeneous battery energy storage system power control grouping model fixed-time proportional consensus algorithm time-delay

收稿日期: 2024-10-18

PACS:

TM91

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52077078）

通讯作者: 余洋男,1982年生,博士,教授,研究方向为电力储能技术、柔性负荷的建模与调度。E-mail：yym0401@163.com

作者简介: 王卜潇男,1999年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电力储能技术、新能源电力系统。E-mail：boxiaowang@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

余洋, 王卜潇, 陈晓, 吕廷彦, 霍宇航. 时滞环境下基于改进分组模型的HBESS固定时间比例功率控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20241828-20241828. Yu Yang, Wang Boxiao, Chen Xiao, Lü Tingyan, Huo Yuhang. Fixed-Time Proportional Power Control for HBESS Based on an Improved Grouping Model in Time-Delay Environments. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20241828-20241828.

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