Abstract：If faults such as overheating, partial discharge, or arc interruption occur during the operation of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment, SF6 gas will react with other substances or decompose. The concentration of SO2 generated by different discharge faults decomposition is common between 0~1 000 μL/L. Therefore, it is feasible to use SO2 as a detection gas and judge the status or defects or faults of SF6 equipment based on the concentration of SO2. However, commercial SO2 sensors with different sensing principles can not take into account the detection accuracy, manufacturing cost, equipment volume and other aspects. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a portable SO2 detection system with short response time, high sensitivity, detection limit width, low cross sensitivity, and temperature compensation, which can detect SO2 gas in the SF6 background inside GIS. This article first explores the temperature drift correction method under air background, measures the peak to peak output voltage of the detector at concentrations of 0~1 000 μL/L and temperatures of 0~40℃, proposes the concept of correction coefficient at different temperatures, and establishes a relationship model between the correction coefficient, detector output peak to peak, and SO2 concentration. The average prediction error of the model in the air background is 1.2%, and compared with before temperature drift correction, the corrected sensor detection error can be reduced by 92.1%. Due to the high cost of conducting long-term SO2 temperature drift compensation experiments under the SF6 background, and the fact that the greenhouse effect of SF6 is 23 500 times that of CO2 gas, it severely limits the practical application and promotion of this technology in terms of economy and environmental protection. Therefore, the next consideration is to migrate the temperature compensation method under the air background to the SF6 background for detection. In the experiment, it was found that even if the absorption spectra of SF6 and SO2 overlap, the pyroelectric sensor can still generate further response and be used for SO2 concentration calibration due to the saturation of high-purity SF6 absorption. The average error of the SO2 concentration calibration formula is only 2.82% when the compensation coefficient is transferred from the air background to the SF6 background. Compared with before temperature correction, the corrected sensor detection error is reduced by 71.0%, and the temperature drift correction effect is significant. In addition, H2S and CO are important components specified in the maintenance regulations for switchgear, in order to ensure that the SO2 detection device will not be affected by the above gases, cross sensitivity experiments were conducted on the three gases: H2S, CO, and SO2. The average response error of SO2 before and after mixing a single interfering gas was 4.5%, and the average response error of SO2 before and after mixing two interfering gases was 5.1%. Finally, on-site discharge experiments were simulated, Set a breakdown discharge voltage of 15 kV for GIS equipment, collect gas samples from 20, 40, 60, and 80 discharges, and use non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors and gas chromatographs to detect the measured gas separately. The NDIR sensor produces a significant step response, and the response result is inverted into the concentration of SO2. Compared with the detection result of the gas chromatograph, the average error of the two is only ±3.8 μL/L.
[1] Chu F Y. SF6 decomposition in gas-insulated equipment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1986, EI-21(5): 693-725. [2] 张国治, 韩景琦, 刘健犇, 等. GIS局部放电检测天线本体和巴伦共面柔性小型化特高频天线传感器研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(4): 1064-1075. Zhang Guozhi, Han Jingqi, Liu Jianben, et al.Research on gas insulated switchgear PD detection antenna body and balun coplanar flexible miniaturized ultra-high frequency antenna sensor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(4): 1064-1075. [3] 张国治, 田晗绿, 张磊, 等. 具备局部放电超声波感知功能的PZT基特高频传感技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 6215-6227. Zhang Guozhi, Tian Hanlü, Zhang Lei, et al.Research on PZT-based ultrasonic-ultra high frequency composite partial discharge sensing technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 6215-6227. [4] 宁暑光, 何怡刚, 刘倩倩, 等. 基于截断奇异值分解与K-Medians的局部放电源定位方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(13): 3441-3452. Ning Shuguang, He Yigang, Liu Qianqian, et al.A location method of partial discharge based on truncated singular value decomposition and K-medians[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(13): 3441-3452. [5] 国家能源局. 六氟化硫电气设备故障气体分析和判断方法: DL/T 1359—2014[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2015. [6] 程林, 唐炬, 黄秀娟, 等. SF6局部过热状态下涉及有机绝缘材料的分解产物生成特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(2): 453-460. Cheng Lin, Tang Ju, Huang Xiujuan, et al.SF6 partial overheating decomposition characteristics with organic insulating materials[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(2): 453-460. [7] 朱宁, 吴司颖, 曾福平, 等. 基于SF6分解特性的局部放电故障程度评估[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(3): 933-942, 972. Zhu Ning, Wu Siying, Zeng Fuping, et al.Partial discharge failure evaluation based on SF6 decom-position characteristics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(3): 933-942, 972. [8] 张长虹, 王昊, 杨旭, 等. 252 kV及以上断路器短路试验中SF6气体分解产物特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2021, 57(3): 166-171. Zhang Changhong, Wang Hao, Yang Xu, et al.Study on the feature SF6 gas decomposition products in short circuit test of circuit breaker at 252 kV and above[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2021, 57(3): 166-171. [9] 季严松, 张民, 王承玉, 等. SF6/N2混合气体在电弧作用下分解产物试验研究[J]. 高压电器, 2021, 57(3): 145-151, 156. Ji Yansong, Zhang Min, Wang Chengyu, et al.Study on decomposition products of SF6/N2 gas mixture under the action of electric arc[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2021, 57(3): 145-151, 156. [10] 曾福平, 朱可馨, 冯孝轩, 等. SF6故障分解及特征组分检测研究进展[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(8): 3240-3257. Zeng Fuping, Zhu Kexin, Feng Xiaoxuan, et al.Progress in SF6 decomposition and detection of its characteristic decomposition components[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(8): 3240-3257. [11] 唐炬, 潘建宇, 姚强, 等. SF6在故障温度为300~400℃时的分解特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(31): 202-210, 25. Tang Ju, Pan Jianyu, Yao Qiang, et al.Decomposition characteristic study of SF6 with fault temperature between 300-400℃[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(31): 202-210, 25. [12] 杨俊飞, 马凤翔, 于坤, 等. SF6/N2混合气体开断电流后的气体分解特性实验研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(5): 1616-1623. Yang Junfei, Ma Fengxiang, Yu Kun, et al.Experimental study on gas decomposition characteristics of SF6/N2 mixed gas under breaking current[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(5): 1616-1623. [13] 季严松, 颜湘莲, 王承玉, 等. 电弧作用下SF6气体分解产物的试验研究[J]. 高压电器, 2013, 49(6): 22-25. Ji Yansong, Yan Xianglian, Wang Chengyu, et al.Experimental study on SF6 decomposition products under the stress of electrical arc[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2013, 49(6): 22-25. [14] 张国治, 胡栩焜, 邓广宇, 等. SF6及SF6故障分解气体与局部放电柔性特高频天线传感器基底相容性实验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 4050-4062. Zhang Guozhi, Hu Xukun, Deng Guangyu, et al.Experimental study on substrate compatibility of SF6 and SF6 fault decomposing gases with partial discharge flexible UHF antenna sensors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 4050-4062. [15] 高旭辉, 吉雪梅, 郭峰, 等. 热脱附气相色谱法测定氮中痕量二氧化硫[J]. 分析试验室, 2022, 41(4): 436-439. Gao Xuhui, Ji Xuemei, Guo Feng, et al.Determination of trace sulfur dioxide in nitrogen by thermal desorption gas chromatography[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2022, 41(4): 436-439. [16] 炜盛科技. 产品中心[EB/OL]. (2023-03-02)[2024-02-20]. https://www.winsensor.com/product/. [17] 王琼苑, 褚继峰, 李秋霖, 等. 基于微型气体传感阵列的空气绝缘设备放电故障识别[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(23): 6494-6502. Wang Qiongyuan, Chu Jifeng, Li Qiulin, et al.Miniature gas-sensing array employed for the discharge fault diagnosis of air-insulated equipment[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(23): 6494-6502. [18] Chu Jifeng, Wang Qiongyuan, Liu Yuyang, et al.Microchip employing short period thermal modulation for the detection of H2S and SO2 mixtures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation Measurement, 2023, 72: 3238694. [19] Chu Jifeng, Wang Qiongyuan, Yang Aijun, et al.Method of sieving the optimal NO2 sensitive material[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2023, 375: 132929. [20] 王志芳, 王书涛, 王贵川, 等. 基于小波优化EEMD的二氧化硫检测[J]. 计量学报, 2020, 41(6): 752-758. Wang Zhifang, Wang Shutao, Wang Guichuan, et al.Detection of SO2 based on EEMD optimized by wavelet[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2020, 41(6): 752-758. [21] 精讯畅通. 红外二氧化硫传感器[EB/OL]. (2023-10-22)[2024-02-20]. https://jxctdzkj.com/category/product/ 65.html. [22] Tan Xiaochao, Zhang Heng, Li Junyu, et al.Non-dispersive infrared multi-gas sensing via nanoantenna integrated narrowband detectors[J]. Nature Commun-ications, 2020, 11: 5245. [23] Ng D K T, Ho C P, Xu Linfang, et al. NDIR CO2 gas sensing using CMOS compatible MEMS ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 346: 130437. [24] Xu Maosen, Xu Yan, Tao Jifang, et al.A design of an ultra-compact infrared gas sensor for respiratory quotient (qCO2) detection[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2021, 331: 112953. [25] 刘灿, 靳长明, 谭秋林, 等. 具有温度补偿的非分光红外CO2传感器设计[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2022, 51(3): 194-200. Liu Can, Jin Changming, Tan Qiulin, et al.Design of non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensor with temperature compensation[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2022, 51(3): 194-200. [26] The HITRAN Database. Absorption cross section [DB/OL]. (2019-05-19)[2023-02-20]. https://hitran. org/xsc/. [27] 董和磊, 刘灿, 靳长明, 等. 双通道非分光红外CO2气体传感器设计与测试[J]. 中国激光, 2023, 50(2): 122-128. Dong Helei, Liu Can, Jin Changming, et al.Design and test of dual-channel non-dispersive infrared CO2 gas sensor[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 122-128. [28] Spectra Plot v2.0. Absorption[DB/OL]. (2023-10-22)[2024-02-20]. https://spectraplot.com/absorption. [29] 颜湘莲, 何洁, 黄印, 等. 氟化硫酰(SO2F2)和氟化亚硫酰(SOF2)气体的中红外光谱特性检测分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(7): 2688-2697. Yan Xianglian, He Jie, Huang Yin, et al.Detection and analysis of mid-infrared spectral characteristics for sulfuryl fluoride(SO2F2)and thionyl fluoride(SOF2) gases[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022, 48(7): 2688-2697. [30] 陈胜源. 基于NDIR技术的SF6气体浓度检测系统设计[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2018. Chen Shengyuan.Design of SF6 gas detector-based on NDIR technology[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2018. [31] 张博雅, 李兴文, 唐念, 等. 新型环保绝缘气体研发回顾与展望[J]. 高压电器, 2022, 58(4): 1-7. Zhang Boya, Li Xingwen, Tang Nian, et al.Review and outlooks on development of new environmentally-friendly insulating gas[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2022, 58(4): 1-7. [32] 国家市场监督管理总局. 二氧化硫气体检测仪: JJG 551—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
2025, Vol. 40 
